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A Framework for Considering Resource Availability, Experimental Performance, and Environmental Impacts To Advance Alternative Mineral Admixtures
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2024-01-01
[PDF-4.99 MB]
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Abstract:Concrete is the most used building material. Due to the scale of use, Portland cement and concrete production drive a large portion of the global greenhouse (GHG) emissions. High-GHG-emitting industries are under increased pressure to decrease their GHG impacts to minimize the impacts of climate change and avoid the worst-case climate scenarios. As Portland cement production is the primary driver for the GHG emissions of cement-based materials, partially replacing Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and/or mineral fillers is one of the primary strategies for reducing the clinker content of binder materials. However, the supply of common SCMs is already regionally restricted with constrained supplies of coal fly ash (fly ash) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) available for cement-based material production. Notably, as the high-GHG emitting electricity and metal industries work to decrease their own GHG impacts, the generation of fly ash and GBFS will decrease and further restrict the availability of SCMs that decrease the GHG emissions of Portland cement-based binders. Alternative mineral admixtures are needed to meet the continued demand. In this work, alternative mineral admixtures are investigated. Specifically, regionally available flows from agricultural rice hull and rice straw residues and post-consumer flows from waste carpet in Northern California are evaluated using experimental characterization coupled with material flow analysis and environmental impact assessment. Insights from these efforts are then used to present a national-level analysis of material availability and identify promising alternatives.
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