Stone Columns a Foundation Treatment (In Situ Stabilization of Cohesive Soils)
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Stone Columns a Foundation Treatment (In Situ Stabilization of Cohesive Soils)

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English
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  • Corporate Creators:
    United States. Federal Highway Administration. Demonstration Projects Division
  • Subject/TRT Terms:
  • Publication/ Report Number:
    FHWA-DP-1978-36
  • Resource Type:
    Tech Report
  • Right Statement:
    Public Domain
  • Geographical Coverage:
    United States
  • Corporate Publisher:
    United States. Federal Highway Administration. Demonstration Projects Division
  • Abstract:
    The densification of cohesionless granular soils with vibratory equipment is a well-known construction procedure. The development of a special probe, called a Vibroflot, to densify such soils at depth was the beginning of the method known as Vibroflotation. The original Vibroflot was developed and patented in Germany more than 45 years ago. The mechanism of densifying cohesionless soils with vibrators can be described in brief terms as follows: mechanical vibrations and simultaneous application of water nullify effective stresses which exist between adjacent soil grains. The grains in a unconstrained and unstressed configuration are rearranged to the densest possible state under the continued application of vibrations and jetted induced stress reduction. This process has been economically applied as a foundation solution since the latter part of the 1930's with great success throughout the world. The application of this method in cohesive soil does not produce the same results. In cohesive soils, contact forces between individual particles cannot be eliminated by vibration and, therefore, these soil particles are not separated, even temporarily, during the above mentioned process; Similarly, in soils such as fine grained silts with low permeability that exhibit "apparent cohesion," the particles are difficult to separate by the vibration process. For purposes of this discussion, therefore, these fine grained silts will be included in the category of cohesive soils. Although the Vibroflotation process does not materially improve the consistency of cohesive soils, a variant method was developed in Germany about 25 years ago to strengthen such soils, in situ. This method, a construction technique called Stone Columns, strengthens cohesive soils to a point where they are able to sustain considerably larger bearing stresses without developing detrimental or excessive settlements, or bearing capacity failures.
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