United States Department of Transportation
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End of Life EV Battery Policy Simulator: A Dynamic Systems, Mixed-Methods Approach [supporting datasets]
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2023-04-23
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[JSON-3.57 KB]
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Alternative Title:United States Recycled Content Standards for Lithium-Ion Batteries;Lithium-Ion Battery End-of-Life Life Cycle Assessment;
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.25338/B8792H; https://doi.org/10.25338/B8S92G
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Abstract:Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the enabling technology for modern electric vehicles (EVs), allowing them to reach driving ranges and costs comparable to internal combustion engine vehicles, an important development with EVs being integral to greenhouse gas mitigation efforts. However, LIB advancements include the use of rapidly evolving and chemically diverse batteries as well as larger battery packs, raising concerns about battery production sustainability as well as battery end-of-life (EoL). This study seeks to respond to these concerns by analyzing potential pathways for EoL EV batteries, quantifies flows of retiring EV battery materials, proposes economically and environmentally preferable LIB EoL strategies, and recommends pertinent policies with an emphasis on environmental justice. The researchers used a loosely coupled dynamic systems model that utilized life cycle assessment and material flow analysis and a mixed methods research approach. They find that the U.S. can make significant gains in securing supply chains for critical materials and decrease life cycle environmental impacts through the adoption of Recycled Content Standard policies similar to those found in the European Union. In addition, they examine the currently understood waste hierarchy in the context of LIB technology. Comparing immediate recycling to repurposing and reusing, they find that repurposing and reusing reduces life cycle environmental impacts relative to recycling. This project also includes an investigation of EoL battery collection and transportation and the vehicle afterlife ecosystem, as well as general stakeholders in the LiB life cycle, informed by expert interviews and a case study of a developing lithium industry in Imperial, California.
The total size of both datasets is 49.1 MB. The .csv, Comma Separated Value, file is a simple format that is designed for a database table and supported by many applications. The .csv file is often used for moving tabular data between two different computer programs, due to its open format. The most common software used to open .csv files are Microsoft Excel and RecordEditor, (for more information on .csv files and software, please visit https://www.file-extensions.org/csv-file-extension). The .txt file type is a common text file, which can be opened with a basic text editor. The most common software used to open .txt files are Microsoft Windows Notepad, Sublime Text, Atom, and TextEdit (for more information on .txt files and software, please visit https://www.file-extensions.org/txt-file-extension).
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Content Notes:National Transportation Library (NTL) Curation Note: As this dataset is preserved in a repository outside U.S. DOT control, as allowed by the U.S. DOT’s Public Access Plan (https://doi.org/10.21949/1503647) Section 7.4.2 Data, the NTL staff has performed NO additional curation actions on this dataset. This dataset has been curated to CoreTrustSeal's curation level "C. Initial Curation." To find out more information on CoreTrustSeal's curation levels, please consult their "Curation & Preservation Levels" CoreTrustSeal Discussion Paper" (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8083359). NTL staff last accessed this dataset at its repository URL on 2024-02-26. If, in the future, you have trouble accessing this dataset at the host repository, please email NTLDataCurator@dot.gov describing your problem. NTL staff will do its best to assist you at that time. This project created two datasets: "United States Recycled Content Standards for Lithium-Ion Batteries" (https://doi.org/10.25338/B8792H) and "Lithium-Ion Battery End-of-Life Life Cycle Assessment" (https://doi.org/10.25338/B8S92G).
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