United States Department of Transportation
i
Pedestrian Safety: Assessment of Crashworthiness Test Procedures
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2023-11-01
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[PDF-16.64 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:The objective of this study was to use finite element pedestrian and vehicle models to evaluate pedestrian interactions with vehicles equipped with pop-up hoods. A virtual database of pedestrian impacts was generated with a wide range of vehicle front-end geometries. Prediction models were developed for pedestrian head impact time (HIT), which is important to evaluate the response time of pop-up hood designs. Effects of pop-up hood design parameters on pedestrian head injury responses were ultimately investigated. Generic vehicle models used in Euro NCAP were morphed into 20 U.S. vehicle front-end geometries. A total of 240 pedestrian impact simulations were conducted using the morphed GV models with four sizes of pedestrian human body models at three impact speeds. A set of predictors were selected based on the literature to predict HIT, head contact velocity, and head contact angle. Simulations with the pop-up hood design found that a deployed hood could potentially collapse due to the kinetic energy of a pedestrian. Among the selected design parameters, actuator stiffness was the biggest contributor to avoiding collapse. Due to variations in kinetic energy provided by different size pedestrians, the deployment system of a pop-up hood needs to be designed for the highest pedestrian stature to avoid hood collapse. With deployment system design as per the highest pedestrian stature, the head injury criterion for a smaller pedestrian may slightly increase but is still lower compared to an undeployed hood for the vehicle used in this study.
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