United States Department of Transportation
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Abstract:This manual provides a synthesis of practical hydrologic methods and techniques to assist the highway engineer in the analysis and design of highway drainage structures. The manual begins with a discussion of descriptive hydrology, the surface runoff process and hydrologic data with emphasis given to the highway stream-crossing problem. The commonly used frequency distributions for estimating peak flows for basins with adequate data are discussed in detail and illustrated by examples. USGS regional regression equations and other methods for peak flow determinations in ungaged watersheds and in basins with insufficient data are presented with examples. Methods for developing unit hydrographs from streamflow data and by the Snyder and SCS synthetic procedures for ungaged sites are described in detail. Techniques for developing design storms and design hydrographs are given for basins with and without data. The Muskingum method for routing of hydrographs in channels and the Storage-Indication method for storage routing at highway embankments are discussed with illustrative examples. Estimates of peak flow and hydrograph development in urban watersheds using the SCS methods of TR-55 and the USGS Basin Development Factor procedure are illustrated in detail. The manual concludes with a brief discussion of risk analysis and its dependence on hydrologic analysis.
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