United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety (2021). Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders (Report No. FHWA-SA-21-039). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety. Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders. Report no. FHWA-SA-21-039. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety, 2021. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety, 2021, Report no. FHWA-SA-21-039, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804.
Backplates added to a traffic signal head improve the visibility of the illuminated face of the signal by introducing a controlled-contrast background. The improved visibility of a signal head with a backplate is made even more conspicuous by framing it with a 1- to 3-inch yellow retroreflective border. Signal heads that have backplates equipped with retroreflective borders are more visible and conspicuous in both daytime and nighttime conditions.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety (2021). Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders (Report No. FHWA-SA-21-039). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety. Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders. Report no. FHWA-SA-21-039. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety, 2021. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety Proven Safety Countermeasures: Backplates with Retroreflective Borders. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety, 2021, Report no. FHWA-SA-21-039, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/66804.
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