United States Department of Transportation
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A Handbook for Signal Design: Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control
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2022-12-09
[PDF-749.46 KB]
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Edition:Final Report October, 2021-November, 2022
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Abstract:The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Well trained air traffic controllers using effective automation can exploit alarms, alerts and warnings (collectively, signals) to build situation awareness and to reduce cognitive workload. We have written the first version of a handbook that will guide air traffic system designers and controller user teams as they collaborate with human factors experts to create or modify air traffic control system alarms, alerts, and warnings. The handbook describes a novel signal framework that can be used to evaluate an existing ATC signal or design a new signal using an objective scoring sheet and a structured interview format with subject matter experts (i.e., air traffic controllers) during the design process.
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Content Notes:This is the preliminary draft of a signal design handbook and is the deliverable for the third year of a five-year project. This interim version is for informational purposes only. The guidance contained in this handbook will be validated during the next two phases of the project and may be changed during the validation studies. Only the final version of the handbook should therefore be used to guide signal design.
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