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A Tool to Predict Fleet-Wide Heavy-Duty Vehicle Fuel-Saving Benefits from Low Rolling Resistance Tires
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2018-10-01
[PDF-1.62 MB]
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Abstract:The cost of fuel represents a major portion of the costs of operating on-road heavy-duty vehicles (HDV). According to the American Transportation Research Institute, fuel costs alone amounted to about 25 percent of truck operating costs in 2015. Within the U.S. on-road transportation sector HDVs consume a disproportionately high amount of the total refined petroleum-based fuel and carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of this fuel were estimated to be equivalent to over 400 million metric tons. HDVs also contributed a disproportionately high 2.5 million short tons of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions, emitted as a by-product of fuel combustion in on-road vehicle engines. NOx is a precursor of ozone, which is an air pollutant harmful to humans, plants, and animals. Over the next couple of decades, the total energy demand from the HDV sector will likely increase due to forecasted growth in freight demand in many global markets, including the United States, and much of this energy will continue to be provided by fossil fuels. Therefore, carbon dioxide emissions from the HDV sector are also expected to increase in the absence of effective mitigating measures to reduce the sectors reliance on fossil fuels. In this study, the authors develop a tool to predict the fleet-wide fuel-saving benefits from low rolling resistance tires. Unlike previous studies, the developed tool is applicable to both stabilized speed operations and transient speed operations. The tool is based on empirical models that estimate the fuel consumption contribution from tires as a function of vehicle payload, aerodynamic drag, road grade, duration of acceleration, duration of deceleration and, and road facility type (freeway, major arterial, and minor arterial/local road). The authors limited the scope of the developed tool to tractor-trailers in the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle market, because the United States has the second largest HDV market in the world and tractor-trailers account for the largest share of the market. The tool was developed with data generated by simulating real-world heavy-duty vehicle operating cycles with Autonomie®, the state-of-the-art model for automotive control-system design, and simulating vehicle energy consumption and performance. Autonomie® is a preferred vehicle simulation tool of the United States Department of Energy.
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