Linking FHWA and NHTSA Vehicle Types and Deciphering Various Truck Weight Data: Methodology for Linking Vehicle Types
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2021-06-01
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Abstract:One of the challenges in conducting freight transportation planning and policy analysis is the variation in the types of vehicles that are considered trucks and the manner in which distinctions are made between various types of trucks. The public sector has varying standards by which trucks are distinguished from other vehicle types and are further classified as a distinct vehicle class. Some classification schemes focus on the number and spacing of axles, while others may focus on gross vehicle weight. This presents a challenge to conducting transportation policy and technical analyses. This report develops methodologies for classifying vehicle registration data according to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) classification systems. Using vehicle characteristics typically observed in registration data, these methodologies determine classification according the thirteen FHWA vehicle types in the FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide appendix C, the six FHWA vehicle groups in the VM-1 table of the annual Highway Statistics publication, and the NHTSA vehicle types as prescribed in 49 Code of Federal Regulations Part 523. Overall, the results demonstrated that vehicle class can be determined using registration data. However, vehicle registration data has limitations in its ability to accurately reflect FHWA and NHTSA classes.
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