United States Department of Transportation
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ATC Signaling: The Role of Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings Phase 3 Interim Report: Handbook Development
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2022-06-01
[PDF-236.37 KB]
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Edition:Interim Report
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Abstract:The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Well trained air traffic controllers using effective automation can exploit alarms, alerts and warnings (collectively, signals) to build situation awareness and to lessen cognitive workload. The goal of this project is to develop a handbook that will guide air traffic system designers and controller user teams as they collaborate with human factors experts to create or modify air traffic control system alarms, alerts, and warnings. During the first two phases of the project, we have summarized the existing literature on alarms, alerts, and warnings and developed a signaling philosophy. We have now developed a signal taxonomy that can be used to evaluate an existing ATC signal or design a new signal using an objective scoring sheet and a structured interview format with subject matter experts (i.e., air traffic controllers) during the design process. This framework will provide relevant personnel with a common language that allows them to describe, classify, and objectively evaluate signals in air traffic control. After the handbook has been completed, our recommendations will be tested and validated with air traffic controllers during Phase 4. Phase 5 of the project will include further refinement of the signaling handbook as necessary and the development of training materials. At the conclusion of this project, the Air Traffic Organization will have the tools necessary to develop signals that will help to keep the United States’ National Airspace System the safest in the world.
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