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Trajectory Operations Human Factors Study: Disseminating and Entering Trajectory Clearances
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2013-06-01
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[PDF-2.13 MB]
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Edition:Final report
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Abstract:The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) consists of a series of transformations designed to increase the capacity, safety, and security of air traffic operations. A key element of NextGen is trajectory operations. This research addresses minimum human factors requirements for flight deck interface design and operating procedures to be used for trajectory operation, in particular the procedures for disseminating trajectory clearances using voice, data comm, or a combination of both, and for entering those clearances into aircraft navigation systems. Cognitive task analyses were conducted using several techniques to better understand the human factors issues associated with disseminating and entering trajectory clearances. These task analysis methods were used to examine five tasks on each of three flight management systems (FMS). The tasks included clearances which ranged from simple to the more complex Required Time of Arrival (RTA) clearances, delivered by either voice or data comm. The models indicate that receipt of a voice clearance takes less time than receipt of a data comm clearance, unless the crew decides to write down the voice clearance. A voice clearance that is written down requires considerably more time than a data comm clearance that is printed. This supports the idea that data comm is better suited for more complex clearances since such clearances would be more likely to be written down by the crew when received via voice, and therefore less efficient by voice. In addition to the response time results, the cognitive task analyses resulted in the identification of several human factors issues and a few recommendations for NextGen data comm operations.
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