United States Department of Transportation
i
Assessment of Prospective Mileage-Based Fee System to Replace Fuel Taxes for Passenger Vehicles in Pennsylvania
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2021-03-01
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[PDF-1.11 MB]
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Edition:Final Research Report
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Abstract:In this proof-of-concept for Pennsylvania, the authors leverage about 120 million records from annual vehicle inspections across a fifteen-year period, to develop high-resolution estimates of annual vehicle miles travelled (VMT) per vehicle aggregated at the state, county, and ZIP code level. Web scraping was used to assess the fuel economy of each vehicle in these records, and to develop estimates for fleetwide fuel economy in each area. Based on these estimates of VMT and fuel economy, the authors estimate the annual cost to vehicle owners of the existing fuel tax, and compare this cost against the cost of mileage-based user fees (MBUFs), at various rates. Based on these estimates, the authors find that the ‘balance point’ fees (i.e., the per-mile MBUF rate at which 50% of the jurisdiction would pay less or as much per year as they currently do in fuel taxes) would vary by county and ZIP code to be between 2.4 and 3.2 cents (¢) per mile. The authors also find that vehicles registered in urban areas travel 10-30% fewer miles per year and tend to consume about 10% less fuel per year than average. The results show that a shift to MBUF’s will in general lead to drivers in urban areas, and drivers of hybrid electric vehicles, paying a higher amount than they currently do, while drivers in suburban and rural counties will spend less each year.
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