United States Department of Transportation
i
Effect of Residual Oxygenated Functional Groups on the Behavior of Alternative Jet Fuel Properties (Project 31B)
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2018-04-29
[PDF-7.47 MB]
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Edition:Final Project Report
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Abstract:The goal of this project is the identification of the nature and the content of the oxygenated compounds present in alternative jet fuels and to develop methods for the fast identification of these oxygenated compounds. The chemical composition and fuel properties of nine alternative jet fuels (named as AJF 1-9) and three commercial jet fuels (named as CJF 1, 2 and 3) were studied. The fuels were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), SEP-GC/MS (for quantification of oxygenated molecules), viscosity, density, water content, water solubility at 0 °C, carbonyl content, total acid number, elemental composition, calorific value, flash point, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface tension. The content of oxygenated compounds measured was in all the cases very low and comparable with the amount found in commercial jet fuels. Phenols are the most common trace oxygenated compounds found in aviation fuels. A new method based on the identification of extracted phenolic compounds by UV-fluorescence was developed. This method is much faster to identify the presence of phenols but does not allow to quantify them and still requires SPE of phenols. In order to avoid the extraction step, fluorescence quenching with Rhodamine-B in jet fuel was studied. Rhodamine-B show fluorescence quenching in the presence of phenols. A new method is proposed for the fast identification of phenols in jet fuels at operational field conditions.
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