United States Department of Transportation
i
Effects of Blast Furnace Slag Characteristics on Durability of Cementitious Systems for Florida Concrete Structures
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2019-08-01
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[PDF-7.05 MB]
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Edition:Final Report, April 2016-August 2019
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Abstract:Four ordinary portland cements (OPC) and 8 ground-granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFS) were tested to assess the cracking potential and sulfate durability of slag-blended cementitious systems. The as-received materials were tested for their physical, chemical and mineralogical composition using Blaine fineness, particle size distribution, specific gravity, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement. The variables in the selected cements included, tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, sulfates, alkali content, and fineness. The variables in the slag matrix included, alumina content, magnesia-to-alumina ratio, and Blaine fineness/mean particle size. Sulfate durability was assessed using ASTM C1012 at a constant w/cm ratio. Pastes and mortars were subjected to a battery of tests including phase assemblage studies using quantitative X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic modeling. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was conducted on selected samples to assess the pore size distribution prior to exposure to a sulfate environment; the paste was also examined by quantitative X-ray diffraction to assess the phase assemblage prior to sulfate exposure. Cracking indices were assessed using a rigid cracking frame. The cracking frame was operated under a temperature profile collected using semi-adiabatic calorimetry. The slag variables studied in those experiments included fineness and alumina and magnesia content, while for cements, only tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate and sulfate content were varied. The findings of this study indicate the significance of GGBFS alumina content, alumina-to magnesia ratio, and fineness on slag-blended concrete cracking potential. Higher alumina content, higher slag fineness and higher alumina-to-magnesia ratio resulted in higher cracking potential indices. Additionally, increasing slag alumina content, alumina-to-magnesia ratio and fineness had negative effects on sulfate durability of the slag-blended cementitious systems.
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