Impacts of Congestion Pricing on Low-Income Populations: Efforts to Measure and Respond to Income-Equity Concerns
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2017-03-01
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Abstract:The perception of negative equity impacts associated with pricing implementation has often plagued congestion pricing projects. It has been argued that pricing roadways limits the options available to low-income travelers while simultaneously increasing the number of options available to high-income users. Significant research into the income-equity impacts of congestion pricing projects over the last several years has shown that well-designed pricing schemes can help mitigate such impacts and ensure greater options for all travelers, regardless of their income category. Further, several recent efforts by agencies to measure and respond to impacts on low-income communities affected by pricing implementation provide real-life examples of tools and measures utilized to address these concerns. This white paper documents examples of mitigation strategies implemented by agencies to analyze and measure the impacts of their pricing projects on low-income users of the transportation system. The following case studies are presented in this white paper: 1. The Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority (CTRMA) analysis of impacts of adopting time-of-day tolling on US 183 in Austin, Texas; and 2. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) assessment of low-income impacts of the Express Lanes project. The environmental justice analyses conducted by the agencies sponsoring the projects and proposals included an evaluation of the potential impacts of tolling on low-income populations. The case studies review the tools and approaches used for the analysis of impacts and the results of the analysis. They also document successful strategies used by the agencies to mitigate the projected adverse impacts. This white paper summarizes takeaways from the examples and strategies that future project managers can employ to evaluate and mitigate potential impacts on low-income users of priced-managed roadways.
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