United States Department of Transportation
i
ADHD Teen Driver Evaluation and Training Tool Development
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2015-12-31
[PDF-471.91 KB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:01723779
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Edition:Year 24 Final Report
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Abstract:Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young drivers age 15-20 in the U.S. The latest available data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (2011) indicates that 10.0% of all drivers involved in fatal crashes are between the ages of 15 and 20 whereas drivers in this age group make up a much smaller percentage of the total population of drivers. Within the age range so identified, research has shown that due to their limited experience, 16 and 17 year old drivers have a significantly higher crash rate than the safest driving cohorts. The most critical period is the first six months after a teenager obtains a driver’s license. (McCartt, et al. 2003 ) Teens struggle with self-regulation as well as developmental and cognitive processing limitations. Teens with cognitive disabilities have additional challenges. Many teens have learning disabilities and other medical conditions that can affect their ability to learn and transfer skills. ADHD is reportedly present in 3-7% of school aged children with males being over represented in this group (Moller, et al., 2011; Barkely, et al., 2007). The primary challenges facing these teens are with regard to executive function and decision making. Other cognitive skills are affected by this neurological disorder and behavioral deficits can manifest themselves as outlined in the left panel of Figure 1. Not surprisingly, the behavioral deficits associated with ADHD have a specific impact on the skills critical to driving. Difficulties with these skills in turn lead to inflated crash statistics (right panel of Figure 1). For example, research suggests that ADHD teen drivers are seven times as likely to have been in two or more crashes and four times as likely to have been at fault for the crash in which they were involved (Edge Foundation accessed 2009).
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