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Evaluation of Laboratory Compaction Procedures for Specification of Densities for Compacting Fine Sands
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2001-01-01
[PDF-3.39 MB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:00938487
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Edition:Research Report September 1999 - July 2001
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Abstract:The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) utilizes a number of sources of cohesionless soils as fill materials for embankment construction and as backfill for mechanically stabilized earth walls. Some problems have been experienced with these materials in the past, especially with settlements of backfills behind retaining walls. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for compaction of cohesionless soils used as backfill materials. Emphasis was placed on uniform fine sands, which are used throughout a broad area of the State as fill materials. Fourteen cohesionless soils from around Texas were selected for laboratory testing. The majority of these soils were classified as uniform fine sands and silty sands. The selected soils were compacted using the following compaction procedures: TxDOT's Tx 113-E - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics and Moisture-Density Relationship of Base Materials; ASTM D 1557 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort; British Standard BS-1377 - Vibrating Hammer Method; and ASTM D 4253 - Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table. Based on the results of these tests as well as additional tests to measure the compressibility of the soil, recommendations were made for compaction. For uniform fine sands like those tested in this study it is recommended that they be compacted to 95% of the Modified Proctor (ASTM D 1557) maximum dry unit weight for application where settlements are important to performance. It is also recommended that sufficient moisture be added to minimize settlements; compaction too dry can still result in excessive settlement even when the soil is compacted to the stated density. Alternative compaction recommendations are also presented based on TxDOT's Tx 113-E compaction procedure. However, this procedure is judged to be much more complex and less desirable than the ASTM D 1557 procedure.
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