Details:

Alternative Title:
CMC: Occasional Papers
Creators:
Rajen, Gaurav
Corporate Creators:
Gaia Research, Inc.
Corporate Contributors:
Sandia National Laboratories ; United States. Dept. of Energy
Sandia National Laboratories ; United States. Dept. of Energy Less -
Subject/TRT Terms:
[+]
Energy Environmental Protection Hazardous Wastes Inspections Ionizing Radiation Legal Responsibility Marine Safety Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Weapons Occupational Safety Responses Shipping Transportation Water Quality Management
Publication/ Report Number:
SAND98-0505/15
Resource Type:
Tech Report
Geographical Coverage:
United States ; India ; Pakistan
United States ; India ; Pakistan Less -
Corporate Publisher:
Sandia National Laboratories
Abstract:
Several existing nuclear-related agreements already require India and Pakistan, as members, to share information. The agreements are bilateral, regional, and international. Greater nuclear transparency between India and Pakistan could be promoted by first understanding the information flows required by existing agreements. This understanding is an essential step for developing projects that can incrementally advance the sensitivity of the information being shared. This paper provides a survey of existing nuclear-related agreements involving India and Pakistan, and suggests future confidence-building projects using the frameworks provided by these agreements. The Bilateral Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Reactors and Nuclear Facilities is discussed as a basis for creating further agreements on restricting the use and deployment of nuclear weapons. The author suggests options for enhancing the value of the list of nuclear facilities exchanged annually as a part of this agreement. The International Atomic Energy Agency’s regional cooperation agreement among countries in the Asia-Pacific region is an opportunity for greater subregional nuclear cooperation in South Asia. Linking the regional agreement with South Asian environmental cooperation and marine pollution protection efforts could provide a framework for projects involving Indian and Pakistani coastal nuclear facilities. Programs of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that use nuclear techniques to increase food and crop production and optimize water management in arid areas also provide similar opportunities for nuclear cooperation. Other frameworks for nuclear cooperation originate from international conventions related to nuclear safety, transportation of nuclear wastes, worker protection against ionizing radiation, and the nondeployment of nuclear weapons in certain areas. The information shared by existing frameworks includes: laws and regulations (including internal inspection procedures that enforce compliance); lists of nuclear facilities; emergency response procedures and available resources; information related to the transportation of nuclear wastes (particularly via shipping); understanding and notification of accidental releases; and radionuclide release data from select coastal facilities. Incremental increases in the sensitivity of the information being shared could strengthen norms for Indian and Pakistani nuclear transparency. This paper suggests seven technology-based Indian and Pakistani nuclear transparency projects for consideration. Existing nuclear-related agreements provide an information-sharing framework within which the projects could occur. Eventually, as confidence increases and new agreements are negotiated, future projects could begin to deal with the accounting of fissile materials and nuclear weapons disposition and control.
Format:
PDF
Collection(s):
US Transportation Collection
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:32cf306306f041120351b6fe6e5237969268ad31de4d5784567b8ea429b10a59
Download URL:
https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/40665/dot_40665_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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