Ballew, B., Barbee, G., Cleary, T., Keegan, L. S., Wilson, A., & Woody, S. S. (2017). Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions (Report No. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13). United States. Federal Railroad Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529
Ballew, Brent, Gibson Barbee, Timothy Cleary, Lincoln Scott Keegan, Andrew Wilson, and Stephen Sean Woody. Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions. Report no. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13. United States. Federal Railroad Administration, 2017. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529.
Ballew, Brent, et al. Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions. United States. Federal Railroad Administration, 2017, Report no. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529.
Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS) and Pennsylvania State University tested several different battery systems in hybrid locomotives. Advanced lithium-ion battery technology was the only kind that displayed the capacity to perform in heavy switching or local service. Testing proved hybrid locomotives could reduce emissions and save fuel, sometimes in significant amounts. However, even with the best assumptions taken into consideration, these locomotives would require high annual operating subsidies.
Ballew, B., Barbee, G., Cleary, T., Keegan, L. S., Wilson, A., & Woody, S. S. (2017). Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions (Report No. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13). United States. Federal Railroad Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529
Ballew, Brent, Gibson Barbee, Timothy Cleary, Lincoln Scott Keegan, Andrew Wilson, and Stephen Sean Woody. Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions. Report no. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13. United States. Federal Railroad Administration, 2017. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529.
Ballew, Brent, et al. Hybrid Locomotive for Energy Savings and Reduced Emissions. United States. Federal Railroad Administration, 2017, Report no. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/13, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35529.
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