United States Department of Transportation
i
Comparing the Direct Costs and Infrastructure Implications of Anti-Icing Strategies
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2015-12-01
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[PDF-6.70 MB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:01651430
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Edition:Draft Final Report
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Abstract:FField and laboratory investigations were conducted to examine the effects of various deicers along with freeze/thaw cycles on concrete materials. Samples cored from three sites in Nevada were used to evaluate the impact of deicers on the concrete infrastructures. Furthermore, lab testing was carried out to further elucidate the corrosion mechanisms of the deicers on concrete. Eight types of deicers, including KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, KAc, KFm, CaAc2 and CaFm2, were used in this study to compare their effects on concrete materials. The lab testing results show that the concrete materials had considerable reduction in mechanical properties with exposure to freeze/thaw cycles and deicers. The reduction in mechanical strength is provided as a rate by deicer type. When the concrete was exposed to MgCl2 solution with concentration above 20%, a large amount of white precipitate was found in the MgCl2 solution. The chemical and microstructure analysis results show that the molecular formula of the white precipitates are CaMg2Cl6∙(H2O)12. These findings elucidate the corrosion mechanism of the concrete materials with exposure to MgCl2 solution. The results of the SEM/EDS analysis show that the binder phase in concrete degrade with the exposure of deicers. Notable chemical contents were changed in both field cored and lab prepared samples. In addition to concrete materials, the effects of chloride based deicers, including KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, on asphalt materials were evaluated. Results of the creep stiffness testing determined that the impacts of MgCl2 on asphalt material are higher than other chloride based deicers. In addition, the anti-icing performances of high friction polymer coating and overlays were analyzed. Four types of polymers, including epoxy, acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate reactive resin (MMA) and high molecular weight methacrylate polymer (HMWM), were used as anti-icing surface treatment methods on asphalt and concrete pavement. It was found that the epoxy is not a good option as anti-icing overlay because the integrity of the epoxy overlay will be broken when exposed to deicers along with freeze/thaw cycles. By contrast, the acrylic resin performed much better than the epoxy polymer. The results also indicated that both of the MMA and HMWM surface treatments exhibited good performance.
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