Cost benefit analysis: applications and future opportunities.
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2016-06-01
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Abstract:Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA or Benefit Cost Analysis — BCA) is an evaluation tool that state transportation agencies can
use to compare infrastructure project options across transportation modes and gauge if the discounted value of benefits
exceed the costs. CBA lets policymakers compare alternative project proposals to a baseline scenario, or status quo case,
under which no investments are made. CBA is used to select which proposal is the most sensible investment — ideally,
the project that maximizes benefits while minimizing costs should be chosen. As the use of CBA to evaluate projects and
grant applications (e.g., TIGER Discretionary Grants) continues to grow, state transportation agencies must gain
knowledge of CBA methodologies, especially if they want to remain competitive for federal funding. This study
documents historical trends in CBA from literature and past studies, provides background on how CBA’s are performed,
and describes the purpose and basic function of CBAs. The researchers investigated CBA applications and programs that
the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) could potentially use to prioritize projects and identify other investment
opportunities. This report serves as a primer on the basic elements of CBA, describes what costs and benefits are typically
incorporated into analysis, and gives an overview of the formulas that are used to derive costs and benefits. In the
transportation context, most benefits are derived from travel time savings and crash reductions. Typical costs include
construction and subsequent maintenance. Researchers developed a simple workbook application that KYTC personnel
can use run a CBA. The workbook calculates present value of costs and benefits and makes both NPV and BCR available
to the user.
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