United States Department of Transportation
i
Design and Construction of Compacted Shale Embankments: Vol. 4. Filed and Laboratory Investigations, Phase III
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1978-10-01
[PDF-8.57 MB]
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Edition:Interim Report
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Abstract:This fourth report covers Phase III field sampling and pressuremeter tests at six shale embankments and laboratory tests on undisturbed embankment samples and on unweathered samples of parent shales used in the embankments. The six embankments, in Tennessee, West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio (two), and Indiana were selected to cover a range in age and performance for shales placed as rockfill at three sites and as soilfill at three sites. Special KoCU triaxial compression and density tests on 5-in.-diameter embankment samples provided data on in situ density, modulus, and shear strength. Pressuremeter tests gave supplemental modulus and strength data. Embankment samples showed shale deterioration to be minor, except at the Indiana embankment, compared with softening of random mixtures of soil, shale, and rock placed during construction at the other sites. Predicted settlement from modulus data was smaller than actual settlements. Undrained strength of saturated laboratory compacted shales correlated with in situ strength. Unweathered parent shales were used for jar soaking and slake-durability index tests, point load tests, compaction tests, and soaked compression tests. Point load index appears promising for field identification of rocklike shales if correlations are made during design studies. Compaction tests on modeled gradations can be used for coarse graded shales. Soaked compression of minus 3/U-in. compacted shale correlated with slake-durability index and can be used to estimate long-term settlement.
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