Comparison of spacing factors as measured by the air-void analyzer and ASTM C457 [Summary]
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2015-12-01
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Abstract:Freezing and thawing cycles will result in damage to concrete that is saturated
unless the concrete is properly entrained with small and well-dispersed air
voids. Durable concrete subject to cycles of freezing and thawing must
have an air-void system (in the cement paste) with an adequate spacing
factor, specific surface area, and air content. The Kansas Department of
Transportation (KDOT) places limits on the air content and spacing factor,
which is the focus of this report.
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