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Accounting for electric vehicles in air quality conformity \0x2012 final report.
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2014-12-01
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[PDF-3.65 MB]
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Abstract:Electric vehicles (EVs) obtain at least a part of the energy required for their propulsion from electricity. The
market for EVs, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles continues to grow, as many
new and affordable models have become available in recent years. The proliferation of EVs in the vehicle
fleet has implications for energy use and emissions. The mobile source (vehicle exhaust) emissions
component is of particular relevance to transportation agencies, especially those in nonattainment and
attainment maintenance areas that need to meet transportation conformity requirements. This report presents
a framework to incorporate EVs into mobile source emissions estimations. The framework uses the
United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) model. It
integrates EV driving characteristics, emissions rates, and market penetration information into a MOVES-based emissions inventory analysis. Vehicle activity data collection and drive schedule development, along
with in-use emissions measurements, were conducted for a sample of EVs in Texas. Additionally, market
penetration scenarios were developed using a consumer choice model. The collected data and market
penetration scenarios were then used in the framework to conduct a pilot application for a large county in
Texas. The pilot application demonstrated successful use of the framework and showed that including EVs in
emissions analyses can potentially have an impact on the overall analysis results specifically for future years.
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