Hoback, W. W., Grauf, J., & Prenosil, E. (2012). Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool (Report No. M334). Nebraska. Dept. of Roads. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150
Hoback, Wyatt W., Jeremy Grauf, and Erik Prenosil. Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool. Report no. M334. Nebraska. Dept. of Roads, 2012. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150.
Hoback, Wyatt W., et al. Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool. Nebraska. Dept. of Roads, 2012, Report no. M334, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150.
Culverts channelize water relative to natural stream reaches, which can increase the velocity of water passing through them. Increased water velocities can alter stream morphology and create a possible barrier or obstacle to fish passage, which may affect localized fish abundance and diversity. In addition to changes in water velocity, a waterfall can be created on the downstream side. These changes potentially limit the ability of stream fishes to reach upstream areas.
Hoback, W. W., Grauf, J., & Prenosil, E. (2012). Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool (Report No. M334). Nebraska. Dept. of Roads. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150
Hoback, Wyatt W., Jeremy Grauf, and Erik Prenosil. Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool. Report no. M334. Nebraska. Dept. of Roads, 2012. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150.
Hoback, Wyatt W., et al. Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool. Nebraska. Dept. of Roads, 2012, Report no. M334, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28150.
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