Load rating and retrofit testing of bridge timber piles subjected to eccentric loading.
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Load rating and retrofit testing of bridge timber piles subjected to eccentric loading.

Filetype[PDF-2.86 MB]


  • English
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    Details:

    • Creators:
    • Corporate Creators:
    • Corporate Contributors:
      United States. Federal Highway Administration
    • Subject/TRT Terms:
    • Publication/ Report Number:
    • Resource Type:
      Tech Report
    • Geographical Coverage:
      Illinois
    • Corporate Publisher:
      Illinois. Dept. of Transportation
    • Abstract:
      This report first evaluated the load rating procedure currently in use by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) for rating timber

      piles supporting multiple-span, simply supported bridges. For simplicity, these piles are often rated under concentric loads, and the effect

      of bending in the piles is neglected. Recent studies have shown, however, that under highly eccentric live loads, the effect of bending

      moments in the piles is of great importance and could have an impact on the piles’ load rating. The report proposed an alternative

      structural load rating method for timber piles based on the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS), which took into

      consideration the effect of combined compression-flexure behavior of piles. This method was used to conduct a parametric study to

      investigate the effect of several geometric and structural parameters on the load rating of bridge timber piles using 3-D finite element

      models of concrete deck bridges supported on groups of timber piles. The results showed that the proposed load rating method produced

      significantly lower ratings for piles with moderate to high levels of deterioration, as compared to the ratings obtained using the

      conventional approach. Among the studied parameters, the length of piles was found to have the most significant impact on the load

      rating of the piles. The report also presents a study on examining a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-based retrofitting method for timber

      piles subjected to combined axial and bending loading. A total of twenty pile specimens were tested in the study, four under compressiononly load and sixteen under compression-flexure load. Each specimen was tested twice, before and after retrofitting with glass FRP

      (GFRP) or carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets. To assess the impact of realistic field conditions, different details of the FRP retrofit technique

      were investigated, including using mortar shell, introducing a mortar-filled wedge in the tested specimen to mimic the effect of decayed

      wood, and “posting” the piles with nails instead of steel drift pins. The test results showed that the strength of the tested specimens using

      the proposed GFRP retrofit technique was fully recovered or even enhanced compared to that of the unretrofitted specimens, regardless

      of the retrofit details adopted in the tests. On average, specimens retrofitted with GFRPs showed strength 10% greater than that of

      unretrofitted specimens. The behavior of CFRP sheets, however, was less satisfactory due to the small thickness of the CFRP shell used

      as a result of the high strength of CFRP compared to GFRP. It was also found from the study that using mortar shell along with FRP

      sheets helped enhance the stiffness of the retrofitted pile. Finally, linear regression analysis was conducted on the test data to develop a

      formula that could be used for the design of FRP retrofit for bridge timber piles subjected to axial-bending loading.

    • Format:
      PDF
    • Funding:
      R27-82
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