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Edition:Final report; July 2009-June 2011.
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Abstract:The main objective of this study was to develop a Louisiana pavement surface friction guideline that considers polished stone value (PSV) and mixture
type alike in terms of both micro- and macro- surface textures. The polishing and texture properties of aggregates were characterized using the British
Pendulum, Micro-Deval and Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS). Asphalt mixture slabs were fabricated with different combinations of two aggregate
sources (sandstone and limestone) and four mixture types and polished by a three-wheel accelerated polishing device developed by the National Center for
Asphalt Technology (NCAT). The surface frictional characteristics of each slab were measured by Dynamic Fiction tester (DFT) and Circular Texture
Meter (CTM) at various pre-determined polishing cycles. In addition, an inventory dataset of field friction number (FN) measurements was obtained from
the LADOTD’s Materials Laboratory and analyzed in this study to determine the effects of traffic loading, aggregate and mixture types on the measured
FN values.
The laboratory results indicated that the accelerated polishing device used in this study performed just as the expectation; i.e., as the polishing cycle
increases, the measured frictional property of testing slab surface decreases. It was found that the DFT measurements were fairly sensitive to the coarse
aggregate types (related to micro-texture) used in mix design, but were not very sensitive to different mix types or aggregate gradations (related to macrotexture).
The analysis of CTM measured Mean Profile Depth (MPD) results confirmed a strong relationship between MPD and mixture type, indicating
MPD does reflect well of surface macro-texture. Because friction resistance of an asphalt mixture should account for both micro- and macro-texture, the
International Friction Index (IFI) friction numbers, the F(60), were determined based on an IFI model using measured DF20 (the DFT measurement at a
friction speed of 20 mi/hr) and MPD values for each slab tested. Further analysis of F(60) results generally indicated that an open-graded friction coarse
(OGFC) mix type considered in this study had the highest friction resistance due to its largest surface macro-texture (or MPD values), followed by the
stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mix type, and then by the two Superpave mix types considered (a 19-mm Superpave Level-II mix, a 12.5-mm Superpave
Level-II mix). The F(60) results also indicated that a selected sandstone type (AB13) with a high polishing resistance (PSV>37) performed significantly
better in terms of mixture friction resistance than a selected limestone (AA50) with an PSV of 31. Mixtures using an aggregate blend of 30 percent of
selected sandstone and 70 percent of the limestone tended to have a better surface friction resistance than those with 100 percent of the limestone. This
observation demonstrates that blending of low and high friction aggregates together can possibly produce an asphalt mixture with an adequate field friction
resistance.
The analysis has led to the development of a set of prediction models of mixture frictional properties, and a laboratory mix design procedure that
addresses the surface friction resistance of an asphalt mixture in terms of both micro- and macro- surface textures. The developed frictional mix design
procedure allows estimating a friction-demand based, design SN value for an asphalt mixture during the mix design stage.
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