United States Department of Transportation
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An integrated system model for evaluating the impact of the dynamic ICC toll policy on the regional network mobility.
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2011-12-01
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Edition:Final; 1/1/10-12/31/11.
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Abstract:Road pricing has been advocated as an efficient travel demand management to alleviate congestion since the
seminal work by Pigou (1920) and Knight (1924) (see Lindsey, 2006, for recent reviews). More specifically, dynamic
toll pricing has received greater interest among policy makers and public agencies due to its potential for lowering
energy costs for society. Some analytical studies (e.g., Arnott et al., 1990) have found that dynamic toll pricing
generally yield greater efficiency gains than static toll pricing because the former reduce queueing delays by altering
travelers’ departure times as well as routes.
The construction of the Inter-county Connector (ICC) has certainly offered the prospect of reducing travel time
between the I-270 and I-95 corridors, and may potentially alleviate congestion on the I-270 and I-495. Given that the
ICC relies on dynamic toll pricing scheme, its daily traffic volumes are governed by individual trip-makers’ perceived
time and cost saving in the term of value of travel time (VOT). Moreover, the ability to realistically capture trip-makers’
responses to time-varying road charges in term of willingness to pay (WTP) for toll is essential for predicting network
flows and network equilibrium assignment models. These behavioral characteristics of users vary across individuals.
Therefore capturing the heterogeneity of users in this regard is critical in predicting the impact of dynamic pricing
schemes (e.g., Lu et al., 2008).
This study proposes the model that enables practitioners to integrate user response to dynamic toll pricing. The
analysis accounts for cost and time savings perceived by regional drivers and the users’ response to time-varying
road charges. More specifically, the study captures difference in behavioral characteristics of the willingness to pay
(WTP) for toll across users socioeconomics and trip related characteristics such as time of day, and trip purpose. The
analysis is expected to be useful for transportation agency responsible for the ICC operations.
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