Low water stream crossings in Iowa : a selection and design guide.
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2003-02-01
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Abstract:Most Iowa counties maintain low volume roads with at least one bridge or culvert that is structurally
deficient or obsolete. In some counties the percentage of deficient drainage structures may be as
high as 62%. Replacement with structures of similar size would require large capital expenditures
that many counties cannot afford. Low water stream crossings (LWSCs) may be an acceptable lowcost
alternative in some cases.
LWSCs are particularly suitable for low volume roads across streams where the normal volume of
flow is relatively low. There are three common types of LWSCs:
1. unvented fords
2. vented fords
3. low water bridges.
LWSC sites, types, and designs should be carefully selected since low water stream crossings will be
flooded periodically, requiring the road to be temporarily closed to traffic.
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