United States Department of Transportation
i
Schedule II Opioids and Stimulants & CMV Crash Risk and Driver Performance: Evidence Report and Systematic Review
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2014-10-08
[PDF-1.83 MB]
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Abstract:Driving a large commercial truck is dangerous work. Truck drivers have a fatal work injury
rate of 22.1 per 100,000 workers, the eighth highest in the nation.1
According to the Federal
Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), large trucks were involved in 3,568 fatal
crashes in 2011, killing 4,108 people and costing the U.S. $39 billion.2
The primary mission of the FMCSA is to reduce these crashes, injuries, and fatalities. As a
part of this mission, its Medical Programs Division works to ensure that commercial motor
vehicle (CMV) drivers engaged in interstate commerce are physically qualified and able to
safely perform their work. In order to improve safety the FMCSA commissions systematic
reviews on a variety of topics. These findings, together with input from FMCSA’s Medical
Review Board and Medical Expert Panels that are independently convened as needed, are
used to inform policy and decision-making.
This systematic review focuses on the effects that licit use of prescribed Schedule II drugs
have on the risk of CMV crashes or on indirect measures of driver performance.
Schedule II drugs include a variety of stimulants (such as amphetamine, methamphetamine,
and methylphenidate), depressants (such as pentobarbital, glutethimide, and phencyclidine),
and a large number of opioids (including codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and
methadone). While these substances have acceptable medical uses, they also carry high
potential for impairment and abuse. This report focuses specifically on the effects of licit use
of Schedule II stimulants and opioids.
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