Quantifying travel time variability in transportation networks.
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2010-03-01
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Abstract:Nonrecurring congestion creates significant delay on freeways in urban areas, lending importance
to the study of facility reliability. In locations where traffic detectors record and archive data,
approximate probability distributions for travel speed or other quantities of interest can be
determined from historical data; however, the coverage of detectors is not always complete, and
many regions have not deployed such infrastructure. This report describes procedures for
estimating such distributions in the absence of this data, considering both supply-side factors
(reductions in capacity due to events such as incidents or poor weather) and demand-side factors
(such as daily variation in travel activity). Two demonstrations are provided: using data from the
Dallas metropolitan area, probability distributions fitting observed speed data are identified, and
regression models developed for estimating their parameters. Using data from the Seattle
metropolitan area, the appropriate capacity reduction applied to planning delay functions in the
case of an incident is identified.
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