Heymsfield, A., Baumgardner, D., DeMott, P., Forster, P., Gierens, K., Karcher, B., & Macke, A. (2008). Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics (Report No. SSWP No. 4). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378
Heymsfield, Andrew, Darrel Baumgardner, Paul DeMott, Piers Forster, Klaus Gierens, Bernd Karcher, and Andreas Macke. Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics. Report no. SSWP No. 4. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2008. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378.
Heymsfield, Andrew, et al. Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2008, Report no. SSWP No. 4, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378.
Theme 4 of the ACCRI, “Contrails and Contrail-Specific Microphysics”, reviews the current
state of understanding of the science of contrails: 1) how they are formed, 2) their microphysical properties as they evolve, 3) how they develop into contrail cirrus and if their microphysical properties can be distinguished from natural cirrus, 4) their radiative properties and how they are treated in global models and 5) the ice nucleating properties of soot aerosols and whether these aerosols can nucleate cirrus crystals. Key gaps and underlying uncertainties in our understanding of contrails and their effect on local, regional and global climate are identified and recommendations are provided for research activities that will remove or decrease these uncertainties.
Heymsfield, A., Baumgardner, D., DeMott, P., Forster, P., Gierens, K., Karcher, B., & Macke, A. (2008). Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics (Report No. SSWP No. 4). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378
Heymsfield, Andrew, Darrel Baumgardner, Paul DeMott, Piers Forster, Klaus Gierens, Bernd Karcher, and Andreas Macke. Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics. Report no. SSWP No. 4. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2008. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378.
Heymsfield, Andrew, et al. Contrails and contrail-cirrus microphysics. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2008, Report no. SSWP No. 4, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17378.
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ensure public access to scientific information.
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