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Edition:Technical summary report.
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Abstract:The best protection against freeze-thaw cycles in concrete is to have a good air void
system. Although microscopic, concrete is a porous material. Conventional field tests,
the volumetric or pressure tests, only provide the volume of air voids in the concrete.
These tests do not offer any information on the size or spacing of the air voids.
Petrographic analysis does provide this missing information but only on hardened
concrete well after placement. The development of the air void analyzer (AVA) offers to
provide volume and size distribution of entrained air voids (< 3 mm) to allow an
estimation of the spacing factor and to give the specific surface and the total amount of
entrained air all within 30 min. of sampling the fresh and still plastic concrete. This
development allows for changes in the mix while placement operations are still ongoing.
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