Schulson, E. M. (1998). Ice damage to concrete (Report No. Special Report 98-6). US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774
Schulson, Erland M.. Ice damage to concrete. Report no. Special Report 98-6. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 1998. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774.
Schulson, Erland M. Ice damage to concrete. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 1998, Report no. Special Report 98-6, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774.
Concrete is a porous material. When saturated with water and then cooled to below 00C, it cracks internally. Upon repeated freezing and thawing, the cracks grow, interact, and lead eventually to macroscopic degradation, termed ice damage. This report reviews the phenomenon and considers the underlying mechanisms. New explanations are given for the deleterious effect of deicer salts and for the beneficial effect of entrained air.
Schulson, E. M. (1998). Ice damage to concrete (Report No. Special Report 98-6). US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774
Schulson, Erland M.. Ice damage to concrete. Report no. Special Report 98-6. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 1998. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774.
Schulson, Erland M. Ice damage to concrete. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 1998, Report no. Special Report 98-6, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14774.
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