United States Department of Transportation
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Abstract:Researchers at the University of Idaho have been investigating the possibility of using lead acid batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles for more than ten years, and the funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation's University Transportation Centers Program has helped support this continuing effort. The lead acid battery uses horizontal plates and improved conductor structures to provide high power discharge capabilities. The first task was to design a baseline cell to provide 35 w-hr/kg at the two-hour discharge rate, 200 w-hr/kg at 100% state of charge and 1000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge. This initial design was developed with the expectation of establishing a cell development program with battery manufacturers. The baseline cells, as developed, could serve as the foundation for the future development of advanced cells and eventually, the commercialization of a range-extended hybrid electric vehicle (REHEV). The authors used conductivity and diffusion computer models previously developed at the University of Idaho to evaluate the performance of advanced cells having high performance plates. These plates had various conductive and non-conductive additives incorporated into the positive paste to improve energy performance. The models show that, in theory, one should be able to increase the energy performance of the baseline cells from 30-35 w-hr/kg to 60-65 w-hr/kg.
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