Ryerson, C. C., & Gow, A. J. (2000). Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties (Report No. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11). US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143
Ryerson, Charles C. and Anthony J. Gow. Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties. Report no. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 2000. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143.
Ryerson, Charles C., and Anthony J. Gow Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 2000, Report no. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143.
Ice grows on ship superstructure components as a result of precipitation of saline spray from the ocean surface in winter seas. A potentially serious problem, superstructure icing reduces ship sea-keeping ability and hinders deck operations. In February and March, 1990, measurements were made of superstructure ice on a United States Coast Guard cutter in the Bering Sea. Ice samples were removed from the bulkheads, decks and icicles during two icing events. Ice crystal measurements included crystal size, shape, orientation, brine pocket location, size and shape, internal layering and air bubble sizes. Ice property measurements included salinity, density and temperature with computed estimates of air and brine volume. Samples taken from decks and bulkheads generally compared well with Russian and Japanese measurements.30 Figures, 3 tables, references. 42p.
Ryerson, C. C., & Gow, A. J. (2000). Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties (Report No. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11). US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143
Ryerson, Charles C. and Anthony J. Gow. Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties. Report no. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 2000. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143.
Ryerson, Charles C., and Anthony J. Gow Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalling And Physical Properties. US Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), 2000, Report no. ERDC/CRREL TR-00-11, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14143.
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