Artificial Intelligence Deployment Center of Excellence (AI COE)
The AI COE Collection is a central resource for transportation stakeholders that may aid in deployment of safe and responsible AI in surface transportation. The collection will feature current and emerging resources, innovations, and technologies. For more information on the AI COE, go to https://highways.dot.gov/ai-coe.
Mobile LiDAR systems are powerful tools that help us map roads and their surroundings in 3D with great speed and precision. The data provided by these systems support urban planning efforts, digital mapping, transportation infrastructure maintenance, and more. This report presents a comprehensive workflow for roadside asset extraction using Mobile
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Ahn, Y., Munjy, R., & Choi, S. (2025). Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud (Report No. 25-15). Mineta Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86099
Ahn, Yushin, Riadh Munjy, and Stephen Choi. Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud. Report no. 25-15. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86099.
Ahn, Yushin, et al. Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, Report no. 25-15, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86099.
Mobile LiDAR systems are powerful tools that help us map roads and their surroundings in 3D with great speed and precision. The data provided by these systems support urban planning efforts, digital mapping, transportation infrastructure maintenance, and more. This report presents a comprehensive workflow for roadside asset extraction using Mobile
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Ahn, Y., Munjy, R., & Choi, S. (2025). Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud [Summary] (Report No. 2448). Mineta Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86100
Ahn, Yushin, Riadh Munjy, and Stephen Choi. Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud [Summary]. Report no. 2448. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86100.
Ahn, Yushin, et al. Roadside Asset Extraction from Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud [Summary]. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, Report no. 2448, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86100.
The limited availability of high-quality aggregates and rising transportation costs present ongoing challenges for pavement construction and maintenance in Minnesota. To address this, local agencies are increasingly exploring the use of lower-quality, locally available materials in pavement foundation layers. This study evaluates the performance an
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Tutumluer, E., Koh, Y., Lu, Y., Qamhia, I. I. A., Ceylan, H., & Kim, S. (2025). Pavement Design: Performance of Base versus Subbase (Report No. 2025-43). Minnesota. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88358
Tutumluer, Erol, Yongsung Koh, Yujia Lu, Issam I A Qamhia, Halil Ceylan, and Sunghwan Kim. Pavement Design: Performance of Base versus Subbase. Report no. 2025-43. Minnesota. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88358.
Tutumluer, Erol, et al. Pavement Design: Performance of Base versus Subbase. Minnesota. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. 2025-43, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88358.
Real-time traffic information is critical for efficient robo-taxi fleet management, yet such data is often costly to obtain and incomplete in mixed traffic with low autonomous vehicle (AV) penetration. This project addresses this challenge by proposing a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) framework that enables fleets to act not only as mobi
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Supporting Files
Filipovska, M., & Bala, H. (2025). RIDERS: Real-Time Information Dissemination for Efficiency in a Robo-Taxi System (Report No. 161137). New England University Transportation Center (NEUTC) Region 1 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86805
Filipovska, Monika and Haimanti Bala. RIDERS: Real-Time Information Dissemination for Efficiency in a Robo-Taxi System. Report no. 161137. New England University Transportation Center (NEUTC) Region 1 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86805.
Filipovska, Monika, and Haimanti Bala RIDERS: Real-Time Information Dissemination for Efficiency in a Robo-Taxi System. New England University Transportation Center (NEUTC) Region 1 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, Report no. 161137, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86805.
The interaction between tires and the road surface is crucial for maintaining vehicle stability and safety. The frictional forces at the tire-road interface, along with the coefficient of friction, affect vehicle dynamics, influencing transportation safety. Rapid advancements in transportation technology, infrastructure demands, and safety regulati
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Tao, C., Lin, Y., Duan, J., Peng, C., Bao, J., Jiang, Y., & Li, S. (2025). Implementing an Advanced Friction Testing Program for Seamless Coverage of INDOT System (Report No. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2025/22). Purdue University. Joint Transportation Research Program. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317908
Tao, Chengcheng, Yizhou Lin, Junyi Duan, Cheng Peng, Jieyi Bao, Yi Jiang, and Shuo Li. Implementing an Advanced Friction Testing Program for Seamless Coverage of INDOT System. Report no. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2025/22. Purdue University. Joint Transportation Research Program, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317908.
Tao, Chengcheng, et al. Implementing an Advanced Friction Testing Program for Seamless Coverage of INDOT System. Purdue University. Joint Transportation Research Program, 2025, Report no. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2025/22, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317908.
This research provides a strategic assessment of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be effectively integrated into the operations of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT). The purpose of the research is to identify key opportunities, challenges, and implementation pathways for AI across six major transportation domains: asset manage
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Chen, S., Li, P., Sheng, Z., Ma, J., Cheng, Y., Qin, X., Li, Y., Shi, T., & Roberts, J. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (Report No. 0092-24-14). Wisconsin. Dept. of Transportation. Library and Research Unit. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89224
Chen, Sikai, Pei Li, Zihao Sheng, Junyi Ma, Yang Cheng, Xiao Qin, Yang Li, Tom Shi, and Joel Roberts. Artificial Intelligence in Transportation. Report no. 0092-24-14. Wisconsin. Dept. of Transportation. Library and Research Unit, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89224.
Chen, Sikai, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Transportation. Wisconsin. Dept. of Transportation. Library and Research Unit, 2025, Report no. 0092-24-14, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89224.
This report summaries research findings of Phase 2 of the project titled Improve Highway Safety by Reducing the Risks of Landslides, sponsored by National UTC - Safety 21 program. To prevent landslides hazards, multiple approaches were integrated to develop a framework for detecting and monitoring slope instability and assessing landslides risks al
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Sheng, Z., Owolabi, O., & Liu, Y. (2025). Improve Highway Safety by Reducing the Risks of Landslides (Phase 2). Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85731
Sheng, Zhuping, Oludare Owolabi, and Yi Liu. Improve Highway Safety by Reducing the Risks of Landslides (Phase 2). Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85731.
Sheng, Zhuping, et al. Improve Highway Safety by Reducing the Risks of Landslides (Phase 2). Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85731.
This is a continuation of a successful Safety21 project on developing a training community for engineering and ethical skills for developing future autonomous vehicles. This project includes three components - (1) autonomous driving course development with a 1/10th-scale autonomous racecar where students learn advanced algorithms and software devel
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Mangharam, R. (2025). Project 567: F1Tenth Autonomous Training Platform, Courseware and Community Activities (Report No. 564). Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86157
Mangharam, Rahul. Project 567: F1Tenth Autonomous Training Platform, Courseware and Community Activities. Report no. 564. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86157.
Mangharam, Rahul Project 567: F1Tenth Autonomous Training Platform, Courseware and Community Activities. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, Report no. 564, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86157.
This proposed larger-scale effort aims to re-define and demonstrate the vision of full autonomy to one of safe autonomy, where a learning-enabled system is coupled with the foundations of cyber-physical systems to endow the system with an explicit awareness of both its capabilities and limitations. In turn, the system realizes when it is in or near
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Rajkumar, R. (., Sahu, N., & Sural, S. (2025). Safety Assurance and Demonstration of Connected Autonomous Vehicles. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87496
Rajkumar, Ragunathan (Raj), Nishad Sahu, and Shounak Sural. Safety Assurance and Demonstration of Connected Autonomous Vehicles. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87496.
Rajkumar, Ragunathan (Raj), et al. Safety Assurance and Demonstration of Connected Autonomous Vehicles. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87496.
Motivated by the shortcomings of using public road development of autonomous driving functions, this project focuses on the Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE) method of safe, efficient, and low-cost connected and autonomous driving function development, evaluation, and demonstration. The VVE method places the actual vehicle inside a highly realis
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Chen, H., Cao, X., Aksun-Guvenc, B., & Guvenc, L. (2025). Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE) Method for Developing and Evaluating VRU Safety of Connected and Autonomous Driving with Year 2 Focus on Bicyclist Safety. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85712
Chen, Haochong, Xincheng Cao, Bilin Aksun-Guvenc, and Levent Guvenc. Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE) Method for Developing and Evaluating VRU Safety of Connected and Autonomous Driving with Year 2 Focus on Bicyclist Safety. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85712.
Chen, Haochong, et al. Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE) Method for Developing and Evaluating VRU Safety of Connected and Autonomous Driving with Year 2 Focus on Bicyclist Safety. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85712.
In recent years, automated vehicles (AVs) are increasingly penetrating road networks with the main purpose of reducing driver error. Since around 94% of traffic crashes are due to driver errors, automated vehicles have the potential to enhance road safety by eliminating human drivers' tasks. Despite claims that these vehicles will increase road saf
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Kondyli, A., Schrock, S., & Bakhti, B. (2025). Investigation of Key Safety Measures for Pre and Post-Deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles (Report No. 25-1121-3002-101). Mid-America Transportation Center for Transportation Safety and Equity (MATC-TSE) Region 7 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85612
Kondyli, Alexandra, Steven Schrock, and Bahareh Bakhti. Investigation of Key Safety Measures for Pre and Post-Deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Report no. 25-1121-3002-101. Mid-America Transportation Center for Transportation Safety and Equity (MATC-TSE) Region 7 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85612.
Kondyli, Alexandra, et al. Investigation of Key Safety Measures for Pre and Post-Deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Mid-America Transportation Center for Transportation Safety and Equity (MATC-TSE) Region 7 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, Report no. 25-1121-3002-101, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85612.
Considerable research addresses the dynamics between land use and public transportation, including the impacts of transit systems on urban development and vice versa. However, this research has underestimated the heterogeneity of contributing factors to urban developments near transit by property type: vacant lot and occupied property. That is, wha
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Kim, D. (2025). Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning (Report No. 25-18). Mineta Transportation Institute. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2458
Kim, Dohyung. Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning. Report no. 25-18. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2458.
Kim, Dohyung Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, Report no. 25-18, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2458.
Considerable research addresses the dynamics between land use and public transportation, including the impacts of transit systems on urban development and vice versa. However, this research has underestimated the heterogeneity of contributing factors to urban developments near transit by property type: vacant lot and occupied property. That is, wha
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Kim, D. (2025). Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning [Brief]. Mineta Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85709
Kim, Dohyung. Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning [Brief]. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85709.
Kim, Dohyung Understanding Residential Development in a High-Quality Transit Area (HQTA): An Application of Deep Learning [Brief]. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85709.
In this research, we develop a framework for machine learning enabled information fusion for infrastructure health monitoring. Traditionally, off-the-shelf sensors such as accelerometers and strain gages have been used to collect real-time measurements of structural responses to facilitate health monitoring. While certain levels of success have bee
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Tang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., & Zhou, Q. (2025). Machine Learning Enabled Information Fusion of Heterogeneous Sensing for Infrastructure (Report No. 69A3551847101). University of Maine. Transportation Infrastructure Durability Center (TIDC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88739
Tang, Jiong, Yang Zhang, Ting Wang, and Qianyu Zhou. Machine Learning Enabled Information Fusion of Heterogeneous Sensing for Infrastructure. Report no. 69A3551847101. University of Maine. Transportation Infrastructure Durability Center (TIDC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88739.
Tang, Jiong, et al. Machine Learning Enabled Information Fusion of Heterogeneous Sensing for Infrastructure. University of Maine. Transportation Infrastructure Durability Center (TIDC), 2025, Report no. 69A3551847101, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88739.
This proposed larger-scale effort aims to re-define and demonstrate the vision of full autonomy to one of safe autonomy, where a learning-enabled system is coupled with the foundations of cyber-physical systems to endow the system with an explicit awareness of both its capabilities and limitations. In turn, the system realizes when it is in or near
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Dataset
Rajkumar, R. (., Sahu, N., & Sural, S. (2025). Traffic SignReader: Real-time Zero-shot Recognition of Text-based Traffic Signs [supporting dataset]. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87499
Rajkumar, Ragunathan (Raj), Nishad Sahu, and Shounak Sural. Traffic SignReader: Real-time Zero-shot Recognition of Text-based Traffic Signs [supporting dataset]. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87499.
Rajkumar, Ragunathan (Raj), et al. Traffic SignReader: Real-time Zero-shot Recognition of Text-based Traffic Signs [supporting dataset]. Carnegie Mellon University. Traffic21 Institute. Safety21 University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/87499.
Roadside vegetation composition assessment is essential to maintain ecological stability, control invasive species, and to ensure the adoption of environmental regulations around construction zones. Traditional monitoring methods involving visual inspections are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and not scalable. Remote sensing offers a valuable alt
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Singh, P., Bao, Y., Perez, M. A., & Donald, W. N. (2025). Unmanned Aerial Systems for Determining Vegetative Establishment on ALDOT Construction Sites. Alabama. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85648
Singh, Puranjit, Yin Bao, Michael A Perez, and Wesley N. Donald. Unmanned Aerial Systems for Determining Vegetative Establishment on ALDOT Construction Sites. Alabama. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85648.
Singh, Puranjit, et al. Unmanned Aerial Systems for Determining Vegetative Establishment on ALDOT Construction Sites. Alabama. Department of Transportation, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/85648.
We address the problem of coordination and control of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in the presence of imperfect observations in mixed traffic environment. A commonly used approach is learning-based decision-making, such as reinforcement learning (RL). However, most existing safe RL methods suffer from two limitations: (i) they assume acc
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Supporting Files
Miao, F., & Han, S. (2025). 5G-Enabled Safe and Robust Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for CAV Coordination (Report No. 161157). New England University Transportation Center. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86800
Miao, Fei and Song Han. 5G-Enabled Safe and Robust Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for CAV Coordination. Report no. 161157. New England University Transportation Center, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86800.
Miao, Fei, and Song Han 5G-Enabled Safe and Robust Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for CAV Coordination. New England University Transportation Center, 2025, Report no. 161157, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86800.
In an innovative venture, the research team embarked on a mission to redefine urban traffic flow by introducing an automated way to manage traffic light timings. This project integrates two critical technologies, Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Auto- encoders, into reinforcement learning, with the goal of making traffic smoother and reducing the all-too-
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Liu, T. (2025). Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach (Report No. 25-13). Mineta Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84808
Liu, Tairan. Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach. Report no. 25-13. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84808.
Liu, Tairan Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, Report no. 25-13, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84808.
In an innovative venture, the research team embarked on a mission to redefine urban traffic flow by introducing an automated way to manage traffic light timings. This project integrates two critical technologies, Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Auto- encoders, into reinforcement learning, with the goal of making traffic smoother and reducing the all-too-
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Liu, T. (2025). Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach [Brief] (Report No. Project 2322). Mineta Transportation Institute. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84809
Liu, Tairan. Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach [Brief]. Report no. Project 2322. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84809.
Liu, Tairan Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach [Brief]. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025, Report no. Project 2322, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/84809.
Security vulnerabilities in the Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) software can allow hackers to perform malicious actions ranging from draining batteries and taking control of the steering wheel to disabling the alarm system. CAV software is subject to several cyber-attacks including memory corruption, code injection, remote code execution, an
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Sahoo, J., Mukwaya, A. N., Ruganuza, D., Benibo, I., Gyimah, N. K., Mwakalonge, J. L., Comert, G., Biswal, B., Swain, N., & Fu, Y. (2025). Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Virtualized Security Framework for CAVs (Report No. 12). National Center for Transportation Cybersecurity and Resiliency (TraCR) National University Transportation Center (UTC). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92506
Sahoo, Jagruti, Arthur Noa Mukwaya, Denis Ruganuza, Izison Benibo, Nana Kankam Gyimah, Judith L. Mwakalonge, Gurcan Comert, Biswajit Biswal, Nikunja Swain, and Yanzhou Fu. Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Virtualized Security Framework for CAVs. Report no. 12. National Center for Transportation Cybersecurity and Resiliency (TraCR) National University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92506.
Sahoo, Jagruti, et al. Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Virtualized Security Framework for CAVs. National Center for Transportation Cybersecurity and Resiliency (TraCR) National University Transportation Center (UTC), 2025, Report no. 12, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92506.
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