The main air pollutant emission trends in the period 1990–2007 for NOX, CO, NMVOCs, SOX, NH3, PM10 and PM2.5 by country, and aggregated for the EU-27 are described in this report. Due to various gaps in the underlying data reported by Member States, the total EU-27 emissions of these air pollutants cannot be estimated for all years.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—a United Nations organization that assesses scientific, technical, and economic information on the effects of climate change—global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased markedly as a result of human activities over the past 200 years. These gases trap heat that woul
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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
2009-07-27
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The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials and its state members are committed to a goal of reducing greenhouse gases 80 percent by 2050, compared to 2005 levels, through a combination of four basic strategies: reducing the annual growth in driving, increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, shifting to fuels that produce low or ze
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GAO was asked to examine the potential effects of greenhouse gas emissions pricing on U.S. industries' international competitiveness and trade measures being considered as part of U.S. legislative proposals to address climate change. Specifically, we examined: (1) what is known about estimating industry effects; (2) examples of industries that may
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This is an impact assessment for the Carbon Reduction Strategy for Transport (DfT, 2009), Low Carbon Transport: A Greener Future, which is part of the UK Government's wider UK Low Carbon Transition Plan (DECC, 2009), Britain's path to tackling climate change. It provides a high-level discussion of the expected costs, benefits and other impacts of t
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This strategy is intended to enable the UK to meet the requirements of the carbon budgets set under the Climate Change Act 2008. Implementation of the strategy will be taken forward in a way that recognises and respects the policy responsibilities and powers of the devolved administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales respectively.
This report is part on on-going work for the US Department of Transportation's Center for Climate Change and Environmental Forecasting and the Federal Highway Administration to highlight innovative actions and initiatives undertaken by states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to incorporate climate change considerations as part of the
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The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA, P.L. 110-140), significantly expanded the renewable fuel standard (RFS) established in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005, P.L.109-58). The RFS requires the use of 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2008, increasing to 36 billion gallons in 2022. To classify biofuels under the RFS
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Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage)—known as CCS—has attracted interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground or prevented from reaching the atmosphere. Large, industri
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This paper assesses the threats and needs that multidimensional climate change imposes for public infrastructure, reviews the existing adaptive capacity that could be applied to respond to these threats and needs, and presents options for enhancing adaptive capacity through public sector investments in physical, planning, and human resources. The p
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A number of policy options to address aircraft emissions are available to governments and can be part of broader policies to address emissions from many sources including aircraft. Market-based measures can establish a price for emissions and provide incentives to airlines and consumers to reduce emissions. These measures can be preferable to other
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Estimating the potential effects of domestic emissions pricing for industries in the United States is complex. If the United States were to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, production costs could rise for certain industries and could cause output, profits, or employment to fall. Within these industries, some of these adverse effects could arise t
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As the first responders to the impacts of climate change, local governments play a crucial role in implementing the actions and strategies that will reduce their communities' vulnerability to the dangers of a changing climate. This type of action or intervention is commonly referred to as “adaptation.” Adaptation is any action or strategy that redu
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environmental Audit Committee
2009-06-01
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The emission of greenhouse gases from shipping is a serious problem for international climate change policy. They are growing and there is a risk of considerable delay before they are brought under control. The advent of carbon budgets means it is no longer acceptable to argue that it is too hard to find an adequate basis for dealing with emissions
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This paper summarizes the findings from an analysis of a range of potential scenarios undertaken by the U.S. to inform GIACC discussions regarding what fuel consumption CO2 emissions savings may be achieved from a combination of measures. These findings are then compared to the results presented in GIACC/4-IP/1.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration
2009-05-09
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On January 9, 2009, a compendium of U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), State, and Local transportation officials, as well as industry experts, convened to discuss six existing and emerging crucial transportation topics. This diverse group of transportation experts heard background briefings on each topic and engaged in detailed dialogue and d
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The panelists judged the practical effects of climate change on India were uncertain, but they concluded India will most likely be able to manage them out to 2030.
Impacts on transportation infrastructure: higher temperatures, more intense precipitation events, stronger storms and higher sea levels are likely to have adverse effects on transportation systems. Transportation contribution to greenhouse gas emissions: transportation is the second-largest source of greenhouse gases in the US; the US highway syste
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United States. Department of State. Bureau of International Information Programs
2009-04-01
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Increasing the efficient use of existing energy supplies is widely acknowledged as the fastest, cheapest, and cleanest way to meet future energy needs. Energy Efficiency: The First Fuel examines the strong U.S. record of tapping efficiency as a resource, and the accelerated efforts by individuals, organizations, and governments to squeeze greater p
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