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Showing 161 - 180 of 617 results
  • Aerosol Formation Pathways from Aviation Emissions
    Aerosol Formation Pathways from Aviation Emissions
    Prashanth, Prakash ;
    Eastham, Sebastian D
    2022-02-01 | PDF
    Aviation emissions are responsible for an estimated 24,000 premature mortalities annually and 3.5% of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF). Emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (NOx and SOx) contribute to these impacts. However, the relative contributions and mechanisms linking these emissions to formation and impacts of secondary aerosols (as o ...
  • HumanintheLoop Method to Test the Effectiveness of Training Pilot Responses to Unexpected Events Task 4 Training Development Plan
    Human-in-the-Loop Method to Test the Effectiveness of Training Pilot Responses to Unexpected Events. Task 4: Training Development Plan
    Cruit, Jessica ;
    Kochan, Janeen A
    2022-02-01 | PDF
    This report provides a primer as to how to conduct human-in-the-loop (HITL) research in which pilots’ responses to unexpected events can be explored for potential mitigations through training. The results of this effort conclude the following findings and recommendations: Identification of key independent and dependent variables for assessing pilot ...
  • Sociodemographic Patterns of Exposure to Civil Aircraft Noise in the United States
    Sociodemographic Patterns of Exposure to Civil Aircraft Noise in the United States
    Simon, Matthew C, ;
    Hart, Jaime E
    2022-02-01 | PDF
    Background: Communities with lower socioeconomic status and higher prevalence of racial/ethnic minority populations are often more exposed to environmental pollutants. Although studies have shown associations between aircraft noise and property values and various health outcomes, little is known about how aircraft noise exposures are socio-demograp ...
  • Social Science Applications in Sustainable Aviation Biofuels Research Opportunities Challenges and Advancements
    Social Science Applications in Sustainable Aviation Biofuels Research: Opportunities, Challenges, and Advancements
    Anderson, Brian J ;
    Mueller, Daniel W
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    Social science has an important role in aviation biofuels research, yet social science methods and approaches tend to be underdeveloped and under-utilized in the broader aviation biofuels literature and biofuels overall. Over the last 5 years, social science approaches in aviation biofuels research, particularly site-selection, have made several ad ...
  • Oilseed Cover Crops for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Production and Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Land Use Savings
    Oilseed Cover Crops for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Production and Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Land Use Savings
    Taheripour, Farzad ;
    Sajedinia, Ehsanreza
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    Induced Land Use Changes (ILUCs) can decrease the environmental benefits of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) if produced from traditional food crops. The development of oilseed cover crops can eliminate the side effect of ILUCs for biofuel production because they come in rotation with the major crops with some savings in demand for new cropland. T ...
  • Searching for Culture in Cultural Capital The Case for a Mixed Methods Approach to Production Facility Siting
    Searching for Culture in “Cultural Capital”: The Case for a Mixed Methods Approach to Production Facility Siting
    Boglioli, Marc ;
    Mueller, Daniel W
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    Site selection modeling receives much attention in the aviation biofuels literature to ensure sustainability of the aviation biofuel supply chain. These models seek to reflect the multitude of factors and conditions necessary for supply chain success. Social factors impacting that success have received increasingly greater attention but are often e ...
  • Threshold Sooting Index of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Candidates From Composition Input Alone Progress Toward Uncertainty Quantification
    Threshold Sooting Index of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Candidates From Composition Input Alone: Progress Toward Uncertainty Quantification
    Boehm, Randall C. ;
    Yang, Zhibin
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    A quantitative structure–property relationship model has been developed to predict the threshold sooting index (TSI) of arbitrary mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons of known composition. The model employs contributions from eight molecular fragments plus a global shift and a penalty factor for naphthenic compounds. For each coefficient ...
  • ToxFlo Description and Data Dictionary
    ToxFlo Description and Data Dictionary
    United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    ToxFlo is a system developed using Microsoft Access, suited to the needs of BSRB Forensic Sciences. To accomplish the Lab’s mission of conducting toxicological analyses, the system allows entry and security of demographics and analytical information related to investigations into accidents involving primarily aircraft, but also includes accidents f ...
  • Perspectives on Fully Synthesized Sustainable Aviation Fuels Direction and Opportunities
    Perspectives on Fully Synthesized Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Direction and Opportunities
    Kramer, Stephen ;
    Andac, Gurhan
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    The aviation sector seeks to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with manufacturers and airlines announcing “zero-emission” goals and plans. Reduced carbon aviation fuels are central to meeting these goals. However, current and near-term aircraft, which will remain flying for decades, are designed around the combustion of petroleum-based aviatio ...
  • Effects of DemandSide Restrictions on HighDeforestation Palm Oil in Europe on Deforestation and Emissions in Indonesia
    Effects of Demand-Side Restrictions on High-Deforestation Palm Oil in Europe on Deforestation and Emissions in Indonesia
    Busch, Jonah ;
    Amarjargal, Oyut
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    Demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation commodities are expanding as a climate policy, but their impact on reducing tropical deforestation and emissions has yet to be quantified. Here we model the effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia. We do so by integrating ...
  • Delayed Deceleration Approach Noise Impact and Modeling Validation
    Delayed Deceleration Approach Noise Impact and Modeling Validation
    Huynh, Jacqueline L ;
    Mahseredjian, Ara
    2022-01-01 | PDF
    A validation methodology and evaluation of delayed deceleration approach performance and noise-impact modeling using noise measurements and radar data are presented. Advanced procedures such as delayed deceleration approaches, where aircraft maintain higher speeds and therefore remain cleanly configured and at lower thrust levels for longer flight ...
  • Oxygen Equipment Use in General Aviation Operations 2021
    Oxygen Equipment: Use in General Aviation Operations (2021)
    United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. Aerospace Medical Education Division
    2021-12-28 | Aeromedical Safety Brochures | PDF
    Aeromedical Safety Brochures are prepared for general aviation pilots, commercial pilots and physicians. The brochures acquaint the aviation community with the physiological challenges of the aviation environment and relevant safety concerns.
  • A System for Measurement and Analysis of Aircraft Noise Impacts
    A System for Measurement and Analysis of Aircraft Noise Impacts
    Jackson, Donald C ;
    Rindfleisch, Thomas C
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    The Metroplex Overflight Noise Analysis (MONA) project seeks to measure, analyze, and archive the ground noise generated by aircraft overflights and to provide accurate and actionable data for a variety of different purposes. On the one hand, experimental datasets collected and processed by the MONA system can serve as an openly-available database ...
  • Extended Reality for Cabin Safety I A Translational Study of Extended Reality Technology in Training and Research
    Extended Reality for Cabin Safety I: A Translational Study of Extended Reality Technology in Training and Research
    Breeding, Levi L ;
    Weed, David B.
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    A translational study provides an informed approach to solving issues based on scientific research. This study provides background information on extended reality (XR) technology; discusses its use, value, and potential; and provides practical applications to solve certain issues based on the research. The Electronic Emergency Evacuation Aid for Ai ...
  • Towards Fuel Composition and Properties From TwoDimensional Gas Chromatography With Flame Ionization and Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
    Towards Fuel Composition and Properties From Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Flame Ionization and Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
    Heyne, Joshua ;
    Bell, David C
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    Already low volume (<1mL) test methods facilitate the development of sustainable aviation fuel platforms and higher fidelity computational methods. Here a novel technique with two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) and Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) identification is used to characterize fuel composition and determine properties compared to previous work. Ten properties are predicted, including the temperature dependence of density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity. Property predictions incorporate uncertainty quantification (UQ) from analyte quantification (UQ1), root property uncertainty (UQ2), and the uncertainty associated with isomeric variance (UQ3), when an analyte is not identified via VUV. Comparisons to a previous method illustrate the ability of VUV identification to increase the fidelity of property predictions and decrease uncertainties. This method is applied to a surrogate intended to mimic the first-order properties and composition of a representative Jet A/A-1. In addition to nominal and temperature-dependent properties, the derived cetane number (DCN) of the surrogate is calculated for the distillation fraction evolved. The DCN there is shown to vary across the fraction of fuel distilled. Collectively, this method documents a process to prescreen novel sustainable aviation fuel candidates, facilitate the development of chemical process models, and automate property determinations for computational fluid dynamics.
  • Biofuel Discount Rates and Stochastic TechnoEconomic Analysis for a Prospective Pennycress Thlaspi arvense L Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain
    Biofuel Discount Rates and Stochastic Techno-Economic Analysis for a Prospective Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain
    Trejo-Pech, Carlos Omar ;
    Larson, James A
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    The international aviation industry has the goal to gradually reduce carbon emissions mainly by using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). However, currently SAF cannot be produced at competitive prices relative to petroleum-based jet fuel. Pennycress is a crop whose oilseed could be used as a relatively low-cost feedstock to produce SAF, potentially b ...
  • DataDriven Analysis of Departure Procedures for Aviation Noise Mitigation
    Data-Driven Analysis of Departure Procedures for Aviation Noise Mitigation
    Bhanpato, Jirat ;
    Puranik, Tejas G
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    The mitigation of aviation environmental effects is one of the key requirements for sustainable aviation growth. Among various mitigation strategies, Noise Abatement Departure Procedures (NADPs) are a popular and effective measure undertaken by several operators. However, a large variation in departure procedures is observed in real operations. Thi ...
  • Quantitative Policy Analysis for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production Technologies
    Quantitative Policy Analysis for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production Technologies
    Wang, Z Juju ;
    Staples, Mark D
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    This paper quantifies the impact of different policy options on the economic viability of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production technologies. The pathways considered include isobutanol to jet from corn grain, hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) from inedible fats and oils, HEFA from palm fatty acid distillate, synthesized iso-paraffin ...
  • Economic Analysis of Developing a Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain Incorporating With Carbon Credits A Case Study of the Memphis International Airport
    Economic Analysis of Developing a Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain Incorporating With Carbon Credits: A Case Study of the Memphis International Airport
    Sharma, Bijay P ;
    Yu, T Edward
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has been considered as a potential means to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the aviation sector, which is projected to continuously expand. This study examines the impact of developing a SAF sector along with carbon credits on carbon equivalent emissions from aviation using a Stackelberg leader-follower ...
  • Denoising and Fuel Spray Droplet Detection From LightScattered Images Using Deep Learning
    Denoising and Fuel Spray Droplet Detection From Light-Scattered Images Using Deep Learning
    Hasti, Veeraraghava Raju ;
    Shin, Dongyun
    2021-12-01 | PDF
    A deep learning-based method for denoising and detecting the gas turbine engine spray droplets in the light-scattered image (Mie scattering) is proposed for the first time. A modified U-Net architecture is employed in the proposed method to denoise and regenerate the droplets. We have compared and validated the performance of the modified U-Net arc ...
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