Given the high level of uncertainty prevalent in the immature biofuels industry, the primary objective of this study was to identify and assess the risk factors that biofuel firms face. The study evaluated the risk factors, or specific risks, reported by biofuel firms to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over five years. The analysi
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Trejo-Pech, C. O., Bista, B., Yu, T. E., & Larson, J. A. (2025). An Analysis of the Risk Narrative Disclosed by Publicly Traded Biofuel Firms (Report No. j.esr.2025.101927). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101927
Trejo-Pech, Carlos Omar, Bishal Bista, T. Edward Yu, and James A. Larson. An Analysis of the Risk Narrative Disclosed by Publicly Traded Biofuel Firms. Report no. j.esr.2025.101927. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101927.
Trejo-Pech, Carlos Omar, et al. An Analysis of the Risk Narrative Disclosed by Publicly Traded Biofuel Firms. Elsevier, 2025, Report no. j.esr.2025.101927, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101927.
Work zones (WZs) are among the most hazardous roadway environments due to restricted geometry, temporary traffic control, and increased driver workload, which often lead to speeding and elevated crash frequency as well as severity. A section of roadway of nearly 8 miles long on I-65, in Robertson County, near the Kentucky state border, where additi
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Mishra, S., Golias, M., Khattak, A. J., Everett, J., Neupane, P., Thapa, D., & Adeel, M. (2025). Strategies for Improved Driver Behavior within Work Zones (Report No. RES2023-23). Tennessee. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89788
Mishra, Sabyasachee, Mihalis Golias, Asad J. Khattak, Jerry Everett, Pawan Neupane, Diwas Thapa, and Muhammad Adeel. Strategies for Improved Driver Behavior within Work Zones. Report no. RES2023-23. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89788.
Mishra, Sabyasachee, et al. Strategies for Improved Driver Behavior within Work Zones. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. RES2023-23, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89788.
The I-24 Smart Corridor project, launched by TDOT since 2018, is a first-ever Smart Corridor study in Tennessee. This project integrates I-24 and SR-1, a parallel arterial roadway, with physical, technological, and operational enhancements to provide road users with accurate, real-time information and actively manage traffic. The I-24 project is co
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Gu, Y., & Han, L. D. (2025). Evaluating the Impacts of I-24 Smart Corridor Strategies (Report No. RES 2023-18). Tennessee. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89753
Gu, Yangsong and Lee D. Han. Evaluating the Impacts of I-24 Smart Corridor Strategies. Report no. RES 2023-18. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89753.
Gu, Yangsong, and Lee D. Han Evaluating the Impacts of I-24 Smart Corridor Strategies. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. RES 2023-18, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89753.
This project aimed to establish a new multiscale framework for predicting soot formation in both canonical and practically relevant sooting flames. A hierarchy of first-principles simulation methods was employed to capture the multiscale physics governing the formation and transport of non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM, commonly referred to as
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Menon, S., Karpe, S. B., Yazdani, M., Zeppieri, S., & Colket, M. (2025). Project 071 Predictive Simulation of nvPM Emissions in Aircraft Combustors. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92401
Menon, Suresh, Shubham Basavaraj Karpe, Miad Yazdani, Steve Zeppieri, and Meredith Colket. Project 071 Predictive Simulation of nvPM Emissions in Aircraft Combustors. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92401.
Menon, Suresh, et al. Project 071 Predictive Simulation of nvPM Emissions in Aircraft Combustors. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92401.
Noise certification procedures (with their inclusion of equivalent procedures) have served aviation stakeholders (i.e., original equipment manufacturers [OEM], regulators, operators, airports, etc.) well since the 1960s. With new vehicle types and new technologies (including new entrants, digital technologies for airframes, propulsion, and measurem
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Mavris, D. N., & Balchanos, M. (2025). Project 061 Noise Certification Streamlining (Report No. Project 061). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92364
Mavris, Dimitri N. and Michael Balchanos. Project 061 Noise Certification Streamlining. Report no. Project 061. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92364.
Mavris, Dimitri N., and Michael Balchanos Project 061 Noise Certification Streamlining. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025, Report no. Project 061, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92364.
This report documents a comprehensive Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) conducted by The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation Systems Development (CAASD) for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Human Factors Division (ANG-C1). The primary objective was to analyze key air traffic workforce positions at Air Route Traffic Control Centers
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Hall, B., Grigg, K., Estes, S., Mendolia, A., Kelley, D., Woods, J., Grier, S., Adcock, T., & Helleberg, J. (2025). Cognitive Task Analyses of Air Traffic Management (ATM) Workforce to Inform Human Performance Modeling. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88352
Hall, Breanna, Kelly Grigg, Steven Estes, Andrew Mendolia, Devon Kelley, Jeff Woods, Steve Grier, Thomas Adcock, and John Helleberg. Cognitive Task Analyses of Air Traffic Management (ATM) Workforce to Inform Human Performance Modeling. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88352.
Hall, Breanna, et al. Cognitive Task Analyses of Air Traffic Management (ATM) Workforce to Inform Human Performance Modeling. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88352.
Aircraft design is a multidisciplinary field that spans aerodynamics, structures, thermodynamics and propulsion. Prior approaches to this problem have consisted of historical correlations, empirical drag and simplified propulsion system models (Raymer, 2018; Roskam, 2002; Torenbeek, 1982). TASOPT, originally written in FORTRAN and developed by Mark
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Prashanth, P., Gomez-Vega, N., He, S., Shukla, A., Gonzalez, J. J., Bobadilla, D. S., Lee, K., Ranjan, P., Zahid, S. S., Abel, J., Drela, M., & Speth, R. (2025). TASOPT.jl: A Julia Package for Conceptual Commercial Transport Aircraft Design (Report No. joss.08521). Journal of Open Source Software. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.08521
Prashanth, Prakash, Nicolas Gomez-Vega, Sicheng He, Aditeya Shukla, Jonas J. Gonzalez, Diego Salgado Bobadilla, and Kanghyun Lee, et al.. TASOPT.jl: A Julia Package for Conceptual Commercial Transport Aircraft Design. Report no. joss.08521. Journal of Open Source Software, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.08521.
Prashanth, Prakash, et al. TASOPT.jl: A Julia Package for Conceptual Commercial Transport Aircraft Design. Journal of Open Source Software, 2025, Report no. joss.08521, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.08521.
This study investigates the ignition behavior of six dimethylcyclohexane (DMCH) isomers and cis-/trans-decalin, focusing on the effects of molecular geometry and substitution patterns. Ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) were measured using a CFR ignition quality tester under ASTM D6890 conditions. Among the DMCH isomers, cis-1,3-DMCH ex
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Yang, Z., Faulhaber, C., Boehm, R. C., & Heyne, J. (2025). Geometric and Positional Isomer Effects on Ignition Behavior of Cycloalkanes: Implications for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (Report No. acs.energyfuels.5c03856). ACS Publications. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03856
Yang, Zhibin, Conor Faulhaber, Randall C. Boehm, and Joshua Heyne. Geometric and Positional Isomer Effects on Ignition Behavior of Cycloalkanes: Implications for Sustainable Aviation Fuels. Report no. acs.energyfuels.5c03856. ACS Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03856.
Yang, Zhibin, et al. Geometric and Positional Isomer Effects on Ignition Behavior of Cycloalkanes: Implications for Sustainable Aviation Fuels. ACS Publications, 2025, Report no. acs.energyfuels.5c03856, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03856.
The goal of this research is to increase the accuracy of AEDT noise and emissions modeling of aircraft not currently in the ANP database. Georgia Tech will identify, and review aircraft not currently modeled in the AEDT, and will collect information and necessary data to better understand the characteristics of these aircraft. Various statistical a
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Mavris, D. N., Kirby, M. R., Bendarkar, M., Behere, A., & Mufti, B. (2025). Project 060 Analytical Methods for Expanding the AEDT Aircraft FLEET Database. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89827
Mavris, Dimitri N., Michelle R. Kirby, Mayank Bendarkar, Ameya Behere, and Bilal Mufti. Project 060 Analytical Methods for Expanding the AEDT Aircraft FLEET Database. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89827.
Mavris, Dimitri N., et al. Project 060 Analytical Methods for Expanding the AEDT Aircraft FLEET Database. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89827.
Multirotor electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles and small unmanned aircraft systems commonly use distributed electric propulsion. One approach to reducing their noise involves synchronizing rotor phase relationships to control radiated noise directionally. This paper presents a practical electronic phase synchronization method for multir
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Valente, V. T., Greenwood, E., & Johnson, E. (2025). An Experimental Evaluation of an Electronic Rotor Phase Synchronization System for Multirotor Aircraft Noise Control (Report No. jahs2347). United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88012
Valente, Vítor T, Eric Greenwood, and Eric Johnson. An Experimental Evaluation of an Electronic Rotor Phase Synchronization System for Multirotor Aircraft Noise Control. Report no. jahs2347. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88012.
Valente, Vítor T, et al. An Experimental Evaluation of an Electronic Rotor Phase Synchronization System for Multirotor Aircraft Noise Control. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025, Report no. jahs2347, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/88012.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment
2025-09-01
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This report covers the period October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025. The Center was established by the authority of FAA solicitation 13-C-AJFE-Solicitation. The ASCENT website can be viewed at ascent.aero. The next meeting will be held during the months of April, May, and June 2025.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment (2025). FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2025: For the Period October 1, 2024 - September 30, 2025. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92406
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment. FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2025: For the Period October 1, 2024 - September 30, 2025. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92406.
United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2025: For the Period October 1, 2024 - September 30, 2025. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/92406.
Resilient pavement infrastructure is a dream of every transportation agency. Many factors affect the health of pavement infrastructure to include extreme climate shifts. This study evaluated the effects of climate shifts to pavement infrastructure in Tennessee. The study used AASHTOWare PMED software to predict distresses on selected pavement secti
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Onyango, M., Fomunung, I., Bathi, J. R., Owino, J., Liang, Y., Otieno, M., & Vanga, M. (2025). Effects of Extreme Climate Shifts to Pavement Infrastructure in Tennessee (Report No. RES 2023-11). Tennessee. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89743
Onyango, Mbakisya, Ignatius Fomunung, Jejal Reddy Bathi, Joseph Owino, Yu Liang, Maxine Otieno, and Maneesha Vanga. Effects of Extreme Climate Shifts to Pavement Infrastructure in Tennessee. Report no. RES 2023-11. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89743.
Onyango, Mbakisya, et al. Effects of Extreme Climate Shifts to Pavement Infrastructure in Tennessee. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. RES 2023-11, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89743.
A comprehensive uncertainty quantification (UQ) of soot volume fraction (SVF) predictions in the primary zone of a Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) combustor is presented, with particular emphasis on the modeling uncertainties in the rates of nucleation, growth, oxidation, condensation, and coagulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) of soot formation in a rea
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Karpe, S. B., & Menon, S. (2025). Modeling Uncertainties in Primary Zone Soot Predictions for a Rich-Quench-Lean Combustion System (Report No. j.proci.2025.105805). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2025.105805
Karpe, Shubham Basavaraj and Suresh Menon. Modeling Uncertainties in Primary Zone Soot Predictions for a Rich-Quench-Lean Combustion System. Report no. j.proci.2025.105805. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2025.105805.
Karpe, Shubham Basavaraj, and Suresh Menon Modeling Uncertainties in Primary Zone Soot Predictions for a Rich-Quench-Lean Combustion System. Elsevier, 2025, Report no. j.proci.2025.105805, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2025.105805.
The exploration of novel acoustic liner designs using 3D internal lattices has become a growing topic of interest within the field of additive manufacturing (AM). However, the comparison between the acoustic liner response of computational simulation and experimental testing tends to show significant deviation. A potential cause of this deviation i
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Windows, J., Packer, A., Nelson, E., Chowaniec, J. J., Mendoza, J., Reimann, C., Winkler, J., Homma, K., & Meisel, N. (2025). Identification of Stochastic Manufacturing Defects Within Additively Manufactured Acoustic Liners. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89750
Windows, Joseph, Alden Packer, Eric Nelson, Jeffrey Jr Chowaniec, Jeffrey Mendoza, Craig Reimann, Julian Winkler, Kenji Homma, and Nicholas Meisel. Identification of Stochastic Manufacturing Defects Within Additively Manufactured Acoustic Liners. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89750.
Windows, Joseph, et al. Identification of Stochastic Manufacturing Defects Within Additively Manufactured Acoustic Liners. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89750.
Acoustic liners are integral to the noise management of aircraft engines. As such, acoustic liner designs and configurations are the subject of research and development to address the acoustic requirements of novel engine layouts. Perforate sheet over honeycomb core, or single degree of freedom (SDOF), liners are the traditional system that has bee
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Packer, A., Reimann, C. A., Winkler, J., Homma, K., Mendoza, J., Greenwood, E., Manahan, M., & Meisel, N. (2025). Evaluating the Performance of Novel TPMS-Based Acoustic Liner Designs Suitable for Additive Manufacturing (Report No. Packer_SFF_2025). The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89716
Packer, Alden, C. Aaron Reimann, Julian Winkler, Kenji Homma, Jeffrey Mendoza, Eric Greenwood, Michael Manahan, and Nicholas Meisel. Evaluating the Performance of Novel TPMS-Based Acoustic Liner Designs Suitable for Additive Manufacturing. Report no. Packer_SFF_2025. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89716.
Packer, Alden, et al. Evaluating the Performance of Novel TPMS-Based Acoustic Liner Designs Suitable for Additive Manufacturing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 2025, Report no. Packer_SFF_2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89716.
Accurate preliminary cost estimates for resurfacing projects are essential to conduct a reliable Maintenance & Rehabilitation (M&R) analysis, prioritize projects, and optimize the use of available budget. However, TDOT is currently using an outdated cost per lane mile data for such analysis, and hence the results of such analysis can be less reliab
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Shrestha, K. J., Uddin, M. M., Iyiola, D., & Paul, P. (2025). Evaluation and Development of Cost Prediction Models for Resurfacing Projects To Improve M&R Analysis and Project Development (Report No. RES2024-08). Tennessee. Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89715
Shrestha, K. Joseph, Mohammad Moin Uddin, David Iyiola, and Pritom Paul. Evaluation and Development of Cost Prediction Models for Resurfacing Projects To Improve M&R Analysis and Project Development. Report no. RES2024-08. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89715.
Shrestha, K. Joseph, et al. Evaluation and Development of Cost Prediction Models for Resurfacing Projects To Improve M&R Analysis and Project Development. Tennessee. Department of Transportation, 2025, Report no. RES2024-08, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89715.
The goal of this project has been to develop a document providing guidance on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) technologies within information automation in FAA systems to support safety critical operations for air traffic control, traffic flow management and technical operations (maintenance). In this document
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Smith, P. J., Roth, E. M., Sarter, N., Atkins, E., Evans, M., Bihari, T., & Kim, H. (2025). Human Factors Guidance for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in FAA Systems. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86694
Smith, Philip J., Emilie M. Roth, Nadine Sarter, Ella Atkins, Mark Evans, Tom Bihari, and Heejin Kim. Human Factors Guidance for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in FAA Systems. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86694.
Smith, Philip J., et al. Human Factors Guidance for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in FAA Systems. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/86694.
Food waste is an underdeveloped source for production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Now, there is no certified conversion process of food waste for SAF by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). We report the use of zeolite-supported molybdenum carbide nanocatalysts in upgrading biocrudes, produced from food wastes through HTL, int
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Yu, S., He, H., Summers, S., Yang, Z., Si, B., Gao, R., Song, A., Heyne, J., Zhang, Y., & Yang, H. (2025). Upgrading Biocrude Oil into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Using Zeolite-Supported Iron-Molybdenum Carbide Nanocatalysts (Report No. sciadv.adu5777). American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu5777
Yu, Siying, Haozhen He, Sabrina Summers, Zhibin Yang, Buchun Si, Runnan Gao, Anran Song, Joshua Heyne, Yuanhui Zhang, and Hong Yang. Upgrading Biocrude Oil into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Using Zeolite-Supported Iron-Molybdenum Carbide Nanocatalysts. Report no. sciadv.adu5777. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu5777.
Yu, Siying, et al. Upgrading Biocrude Oil into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Using Zeolite-Supported Iron-Molybdenum Carbide Nanocatalysts. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025, Report no. sciadv.adu5777, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu5777.
The jet from a model-scale, internally mixed nozzle produced a loud howling when operated at jet Mach numbers between 0.80 and 1.00. Discrete tones dominated the noise radiated to the far field and powerful oscillations were present in the jet. To explain these observations, this paper leverages a blend of experimental acoustic and flow measurement
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Ramsey, D. N., Gavin, J. R., & Ahuja, K. K. (2025). Howling of a Model-Scale Nozzle Due to Shock-Induced Boundary-Layer Separation at Its Exit (Report No. jfm.2025.10170). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10170
Ramsey, David N., Joseph R. Gavin, and Krishan K. Ahuja. Howling of a Model-Scale Nozzle Due to Shock-Induced Boundary-Layer Separation at Its Exit. Report no. jfm.2025.10170. Cambridge University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10170.
Ramsey, David N., et al. Howling of a Model-Scale Nozzle Due to Shock-Induced Boundary-Layer Separation at Its Exit. Cambridge University Press, 2025, Report no. jfm.2025.10170, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10170.
The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Air traffic controllers use alarms, alerts, and warnings (collectively, signals) as an aid to situation awareness
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Ruskin, K. J., & Ruskin, A. C. (2025). Signal Design Handbook: A New Framework for Designing Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89540
Ruskin, Keith J. and Anna Clebone Ruskin. Signal Design Handbook: A New Framework for Designing Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89540.
Ruskin, Keith J., and Anna Clebone Ruskin Signal Design Handbook: A New Framework for Designing Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration, 2025, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/89540.
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