U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Federal Aviation Administration

rosaP Repository & Open Science Access Portal

The FAA conducts research to ensure that commercial and general aviation is the safest in the world. Bookmark this collection https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/collection_faa or https://doi.org/10.21949/1530831.

(10)
(29)
(48)
(38)
(37)
(42)
(26)
(18)
(18)
(17)
(12)
(8)
(4)
(11)
(8)
(17)
(9)
(5)
(9)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(27)
(27)
(31)
(15)
(6)
(2)
(29)
(1)
(1)
0 of 54
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(18)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(18)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(6)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(7)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
0 of 1000
(1)
(17)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(24)
(113)
(2)
(7)
(27)
(147)
(42)
(2)
(21)
(8)
(9)
(162)
(2)
0 of 20
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
0 of 238
(16)
(3)
(24)
(23)
(43)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(21)
(17)
(14)
(6)
0 of 12
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(13)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(22)
(1)
(1)
(47)
(4)
(1)
(15)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(25)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(1)
(17)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(12)
(24)
(1)
(206)
(1)
(175)
(11)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(17)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(7)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(2)
(2)
0 of 141
(2)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(50)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(19)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(3)
(2)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(7)
(24)
(95)
(2)
(187)
(35)
(6)
(1)
(14)
(5)
(11)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
0 of 74
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(9)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(99)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(29)
(41)
(2)
(30)
(3)
(77)
(1)
(16)
(8)
(32)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(36)
(1)
(63)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(30)
(1)
(12)
(51)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(79)
(4)
(29)
(13)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(33)
(2)
(29)
(10)
(67)
(1)
(1)
(32)
(6)
(68)
(7)
(83)
(1)
(5)
(25)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(32)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(169)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(184)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(63)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(47)
(2)
(29)
(1)
(94)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(36)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(9)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(63)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(10)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(33)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(9)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(29)
(4)
(30)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(29)
(1)
(4)
(8)
(1)
(5)
(18)
(49)
(8)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(33)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(1)
(13)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(29)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(33)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(112)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(36)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(6)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(136)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(29)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(26)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(23)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(29)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(126)
(7)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(17)
(8)
(25)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(36)
(8)
(2)
(7)
(10)
(2)
(32)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(118)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(31)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(37)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(112)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(14)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(4)
(23)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(35)
(4)
(3)
(16)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(40)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(29)
(9)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(23)
(31)
(32)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(14)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(7)
(23)
(4)
(6)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 302
Showing 121 - 140 of 596 results
  • Project 034 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area 7 Overall Program Integration and Analysis
    Project 034 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program – Area #7: Overall Program Integration and Analysis
    Heyne, Joshua ;
    Stouffer, Scott
    2023-02-01 | PDF
    This project involved coordination between dozens of researchers and stakeholders from several different countries relating to the influence of jet fuel variation on sprays and combustion operability including ignition and lean blowout, and the models required to anticipate combustor performance. The models included chemical kinetic models of the c ...
  • RNASeq Alignment and Differential Expression Software Comparison
    RNA-Seq Alignment and Differential Expression Software Comparison
    Munster, Susan K. ;
    Nicholson, Scott J.
    2023-01-01 | PDF
    The twofold goals for this study were to determine an optimum choice for ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) alignment software and to determine which differential expression software packages produced consistent and accurate results. RNA was extracted from blood and pooled to produce homogenous sample material to ensure that any differential exp ...
  • What are ECG Normal Variants
    What are ECG Normal Variants?
    United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. Aerospace Medical Education Division
    2023-01-01 | Aeromedical Safety Brochures | PDF
    Aeromedical Safety Brochures are prepared for general aviation pilots, commercial pilots and physicians. The brochures acquaint the aviation community with the physiological challenges of the aviation environment and relevant safety concerns.
    Supporting Files
  • An Evaluation of the Downstream Effects of Purification Methods on RNASeq Differential Expression
    An Evaluation of the Downstream Effects of Purification Methods on RNA-Seq Differential Expression
    Munster, Susan K. ;
    Uyhelji, Hilary A.
    2023-01-01 | PDF
    Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a valuable and commonly used technique to quantify the number of individual RNA transcripts within a sample. RNA-Seq typically requires a small amount of pure and concentrated RNA, which can necessitate additional concentration or purification of previously isolated RNA samples. Magnetic beads and silica-bas ...
  • Effect of Pelvic Loading during Anthropomorphic Test Device Storage
    Effect of Pelvic Loading during Anthropomorphic Test Device Storage
    Hellstrom, Ian T. ;
    Moorcroft, David M.
    2023-01-01 | PDF
    As part of a larger project aimed at gaining a better understanding of factors that affect the quality of test results using Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs), the FAA tested the effects of long-term static ATD pelvis loading during storage. Testing simulated two types of ATD pelvis storage methods of the 50th percentile Hybrid III ATD for one ye ...
  • A Handbook for Signal Design Alarms Alerts and Warnings in Air Traffic Control
    A Handbook for Signal Design: Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control
    Ruskin, Keith J ;
    Rice, Stephen
    2022-12-09 | PDF
    The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Well trained air traffic controllers using effective automation can exploit alarms, alerts and warnings (collectiv ...
  • LongTerm Aircraft Noise Exposure and Risk of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women 2022
    Long-Term Aircraft Noise Exposure and Risk of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women [2022]
    Nguyen, Daniel D ;
    Whitsel, Eric A
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    Background: Studies of the association between aircraft noise and hypertension are complicated by inadequate control for potential confounders and a lack of longitudinal assessments, and existing evidence is inconclusive. Objectives: We evaluated the association between long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension among post-menopausa ...
  • Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures
    Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures
    Boehm, Randall C. ;
    Hauck, Franchesca
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    Six hundred and seventy-five measurements of dynamic viscosity and density have been used to assess the prediction error of the Arrhenius blending rule for kinematic viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures. Major trends within the data show that mixture complexity–binary to hundreds of components—and temperature are more important determinants of predict ...
  • An Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures Supplemental Materials
    An Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures [Supplemental Materials]
    Boehm, Randall C. ;
    Hauck, Franchesca
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    All the viscosity and density data measured in support of this manuscript are provided within the “data” tab of the attached document called HEAT_LAB_ViscosityData_2022 (XLSX). Expanded versions of Tables 1, 2 are provided in the other tab, “Material_list”. A definition of important terms used throughout the theory section is provided in Viscosity_ ...
    Supporting Files
  • FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels Environment Annual Technical Report 2021 For the Period October 1 2020 September 30 2021 Volume 1
    FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2021: For the Period October 1, 2020 - September 30, 2021: Volume 1
    United States. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    This report covers the period October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. The Center was established by the authority of FAA solicitation 13-C-AJFE-Solicitation. During that time the ASCENT team launched a new website, which can be viewed at ascent.aero. The next meeting will be held April 5-7, 2022, in Alexandria, VA.
  • FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels Environment Annual Technical Report 2021 For the Period October 1 2020 September 30 2021 Volume 2
    FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2021: For the Period October 1, 2020 - September 30, 2021: Volume 2
    United States. Federal Aviation Administration. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment
    2022-12-01 | PDF
    This report covers the period October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. The Center was established by the authority of FAA solicitation 13-C-AJFE-Solicitation. During that time the ASCENT team launched a new website, which can be viewed at ascent.aero. The next meeting will be held April 5-7, 2022, in Alexandria, VA.
  • Evaluating AERMOD With Measurements From a Major US Airport Located on a Shoreline
    Evaluating AERMOD With Measurements From a Major U.S. Airport Located on a Shoreline
    Pandey, Gavendra ;
    Venkatram, Akula
    2022-11-01 | PDF
    The impact of airport operations on air quality is a key public health concern for the population surrounding an airport. Air pollution regulations require the assessment of this impact using dispersion models. Modeling dispersion of aircraft-related sources poses challenges because of the large number and variety of airport sources, which include ...
  • Evaluation of Physicochemical Variability of Sustainable Aviation Fuels
    Evaluation of Physicochemical Variability of Sustainable Aviation Fuels
    Oldani, Anna L ;
    Solecki, Alexandra E
    2022-11-01 | PDF
    This study outlines an effort to report on the physicochemical variability of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), leveraging data from the FAA Alternative Jet Fuels Test Database (AJFTD). The AJFTD, containing fuel sample records of conventional and sustainable aviation fuels to date, was developed by the PIs through the FAA Center of Excellence (ASC ...
  • Secondary Sonic Boom Predictions for US Coastlines
    Secondary Sonic Boom Predictions for U.S. Coastlines
    Riegel, Kimberly A ;
    Sparrow, Victor W.
    2022-11-01 | PDF
    This study examines the behavior of secondary sonic booms on United States (U.S.) coastlines to have a more complete understanding of the impact of supersonic travel on communities. Secondary sonic booms occur when the atmospheric conditions are such that the atmospheric refraction causes the sound that would ordinarily not reach the ground to bend ...
  • Enough Fluff Returning to Meaningful Perspectives on Automation
    Enough Fluff: Returning to Meaningful Perspectives on Automation
    Kaliardos, William N. (Bill)
    ORCID ICON IMG
    2022-09-01 | PDF
    As society progresses towards increased automation in aviation—such as with Advanced Air Mobility and Unmanned Aircraft Systems—it is important to have a common understanding and perspective about automation among the many stakeholders, including aviation system designers, operators, maintainers, and regulatory authorities. Unfortunately, the disco ...
  • Editorial The Motivations for and the Value Proposition of Sustainable Aviation Fuels
    Editorial: The Motivations for and the Value Proposition of Sustainable Aviation Fuels
    Lewis, Kristin C. ;
    Brown, Nathan
    2022-09-01 | PDF
    Editorial on the Research Topic: The motivations for and the value proposition of sustainable aviation fuels.
  • Changes in Ultrafine Particle Concentrations near a Major Airport Following Reduced Transportation Activity during the COVID19 Pandemic
    Changes in Ultrafine Particle Concentrations near a Major Airport Following Reduced Transportation Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Mueller, Sean C ;
    Hudda, Neelakshi
    2022-08-01 | PDF
    Mobility reductions following the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States were higher, and sustained longer, for aviation than ground transportation activity. We evaluate changes in ultrafine particle (UFP, Dp < 100 nm, a marker of fuel combustion emissions) concentrations at a site near Logan Airport (Boston, Massachusetts) in relation to mobility ...
  • Synthetic Aromatic Kerosene Property Prediction Improvements With Isomer Specific Characterization via GCxGC and Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
    Synthetic Aromatic Kerosene Property Prediction Improvements With Isomer Specific Characterization via GCxGC and Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
    Feldhausen, John ;
    Bell, David C
    2022-07-01 | PDF
    This research explores an advanced method of fuel composition determination and builds upon typical hydrocarbon group type analyses performed with two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC). In this study, structural information of individual species within Virent’s Synthetic Aromatic Kerosene (SAK) is identified by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectro ...
  • ATC Signaling The Role of Alarms Alerts and Warnings Phase 3 Interim Report Handbook Development
    ATC Signaling: The Role of Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings Phase 3 Interim Report: Handbook Development
    Ruskin, Keith J ;
    Rice, Stephen
    2022-06-01 | PDF
    The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Well trained air traffic controllers using effective automation can exploit alarms, alerts and warnings (collectiv ...
  • The Economic Impact of a Renewable BiofuelsEnergy Industry Supply Chain Using the Renewable Energy Economic Analysis Layers Modeling System
    The Economic Impact of a Renewable Biofuels/Energy Industry Supply Chain Using the Renewable Energy Economic Analysis Layers Modeling System
    English, Burton C ;
    Menard, R Jamey
    2022-05-01 | PDF
    The University of Tennessee’s (UT) Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics models supply chains for both liquid and electricity generating technologies currently in use and/or forthcoming for the bio/renewable energy industry using the input–output model IMPLAN®. The approach for ethanol, biodiesel, and other liquid fuels includes the est ...
121 - 140 / 596