United States Department of Transportation
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Modeling the Effect of Fluid-Structure Interaction on the Impact Dynamics of Pressurized Tank Cars
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2009-11-13
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Abstract:This paper presents a computational framework that
analyzes the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on the
impact dynamics of pressurized commodity tank cars using the
nonlinear dynamic finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit.
There exist three distinct phases for a tank car loaded with a
liquefied substance: pressurized gas, pressurized liquid and the
solid structure. When a tank car comes under dynamic impact
with an external object, contact is often concentrated in a small
zone with sizes comparable to that of the impacting object.
While the majority of the tank car structure undergoes elasticplastic
deformations, materials in the impact zone can
experience large plastic deformations and be stretched to a state
of failure, resulting in the loss of structural integrity.
Moreover, the structural deformation changes the volume that
the fluids (gas and liquid) occupy and consequently the fluid
pressure, which in turn affects the structural response including
the potential initiation and evolution of fracture in the tank car
structure.
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