Schwartz, E. (2026). Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S
Schwartz, Ellen. Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies, 2026. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S.
Schwartz, Ellen Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies, 2026, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S.
High levels of driving can impose significant social costs, including traffic injuries and deaths, congestion, air and noise pollution, and health risks linked to sedentary lifestyles. Minimum parking requirements amplify these impacts by encouraging car ownership and driving - and discouraging other ways of moving around. These mandates typically result in so much parking that, despite the high cost to provide, it becomes effectively free to drivers - a hidden subsidy that reinforces a car-oriented transportation system and undermines walking, biking, and public transit. This issue brief synthesizes current research and highlights key studies that demonstrate parking's impacts on car ownership, driving, and transit use.
Schwartz, E. (2026). Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S
Schwartz, Ellen. Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies, 2026. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S.
Schwartz, Ellen Minimum Parking Requirements Fuel Driving [Issue Brief]. University of California Institute of Transportation Studies, 2026, ROSA P. https://doi.org/10.17610/T6589S.
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