Integrated Optimization of Routing, Scheduling, Charging, and Platooning for a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Conventional Trucks

Details

• Creators:
  Hosseinpanahi, Danesh ; Yang, Jialu ; Zou, Bo ; Lin, Jane
• Corporate Creators:
  University of Illinois at Chicago. Department of Civil, Materials & Environmental Engineering
• Subject/TRT Terms:
  Conventional Trucks Decision Making Electric Trucks Electric Vehicles Environmental Impacts Fleet Management Labor Costs Literature Reviews Mixed Feet Truck Platooning Optimization Routing Scheduling Sustainable Development Traffic Platooning Trucks

  More +
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp6020068
• Resource Type:
  Journal Article
• Right Statement:
  This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
• Geographical Coverage:
  United States
• Corporate Publisher:
  MDPI
• Abstract:
  The integration of truck platooning and electrification presents a promising avenue for improving operational efficiency and environmental sustainability in freight transportation. Realizing the energy and cost saving as well as emission reduction benefits requires a holistic design of truck routing, scheduling, and platooning strategies that account for practical operational constraints. This study investigates the integrated planning problem of routing, scheduling, and platooning for a mixed feet of conventional trucks (CTs) and electric trucks (ETs), referred to as mixed feet truck platooning (MFTP) problem. The MFTP incorporates charging scheduling and key operational factors, such as platooning leader–follower positioning under the battery constraints of ETs, charging station availability and capacity, and the positional configuration of trucks within a platoon. The objective is to minimize the total operation cost of the MFTP system, including charging cost, fuel cost, travel labor cost, charging labor cost, and platoon formation labor cost, while ensuring timely arrivals across multiple origin–destination (OD) pairs. The proposed MFTP is formulated as a novel mixed-integer linear program (MILP). Extensive numerical experiments on the simplified Illinois interstate highway network are conducted to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model. Numerical results show that incorporating platooning reduces the total operational cost by 7.6% relative to the non-platooning scenario. The findings also shed some light on planning mixed fleets of CTs and ETs with platooning, offering valuable managerial insights for decision-makers.
• Content Notes:
  This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Hosseinpanahi, D.; Yang, J.; Zou, B.; Lin, J. Integrated Optimization of Routing, Scheduling, Charging, and Platooning for a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Conventional Trucks. Future Transp. 2026, 6, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp6020068
• Format:
  PDF
• Collection(s):
  US Transportation Collection
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:331acab2248c569eb1928d90c23e2aea1402b53b15f486d8ae07e2088b06ed02ab633208e8694a39a91500d904b9d1f2f67e674f42b3569cfcc65d54bff73294
• Download URL:
  https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/90699/dot_90699_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 599.56 KB ]