United States Department of Transportation
i
Clean Air Program: Summary Assessment of the Safety, Health, Environmental and System Risks of Alternative Fuel
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1995-08-01
[PDF-2.43 MB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:00713647
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OCLC Number:33288024
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Edition:PDF Edition April 1999
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NTL Classification:NTL-ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT-Air Quality;NTL-ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT-Alternative Fuels;
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Abstract:This is a handbook of safety, health, and the environmental issues of the production, bulk transport, and bulk storage of alternative fuels with emphasis on transport and storage. Fuels included are: 1) compressed natural gas, 2) liquefied natural gas, 3) propane, 4) methanol and methanol blends, 5) ethanol and ethanol blends, 6) biodiesel, 7) hydrogen, and 8) electricity. Material in the handbook is organized by fuel and the following topics: 1) general properties of the fuel that effects fire hazards, 2) potential fire hazards during bulk transport, 3) potential fire hazards during unloading to bulk storage, 4) potential fire hazards during fleet storage, 5) other safety hazards, particularity, high pressure and low (cryogenic) temperature, 6) toxicity of the fuel, 7) environmental effects of spills onto land or water. Specific properties of the alternative fuels examined include: 1) Flash point temperature, 2) range of flammability limits, 3) autoignition temperature, 4) flame temperature, luminosity, and thermal radiation, 5) electrical conductivity, 6) storage temperature and pressure, 7) toxicity of the fuel based on inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion, 8) compatibility (i.e. corrosivity) with other materials, and 9) time or ageing effects. The consequence or potential damage from fire or explosion are given. The hazards of the fuels discussed in the handbook are, in some cases, compared to the reference fuels of gasoline or diesel fuel. In many instances, the state of knowledge of specific hazards, and/or ongoing research are noted.
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