Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Fine Aggregates in South Dakota
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Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Fine Aggregates in South Dakota

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English
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  • Creators:
    Johnston, Daniel P
  • Corporate Creators:
    South Dakota. Department of Transportation. Office of Research
  • Subject/TRT Terms:
  • Publication/ Report Number:
    SD92-04-F
  • Resource Type:
    Tech Report
  • Geographical Coverage:
  • Edition:
    Final Report
  • Corporate Publisher:
    South Dakota. Department of Transportation
  • Abstract:
    This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the effectiveness of several ASTM test procedures at predicting alkali-silica reactivity (ASR). ASTM C289, P214, C227, and an autoclave expansion test were performed on 31 fine aggregate sources used in PC concrete in South Dakota. Only ASTM P214 was capable of reliably predicting potential ASR when results were compared to actual field performance. A modified interpretation of the test results to include a best fit for expansion values at 3, 7, 11, and 14 days using the general equation %Expansion = A sub 0 + A sub 1 Time(to the 1/2 power) + A sub 2 Time gave a much clearer pattern of reactivity when the A sub 1 coefficients were plotted against the A sub 2 coefficients. The sands break out into two linear "families" of coefficients - one reactive and one nonreactive. This technique was also applied to four different fly ashes to determine their effectiveness at reducing the potential for ASR expansion at a 15% addition rate. Only one fly ash consistently reduced expansion for all reactive sands tested. The ability of the fly ashes to control expansions at this level appears to be directly related to their SiO2 content. The majority of South Dakota concrete sands are alkali-silica reactive and this reactivity is regional. Recommendations were developed for minimizing the risk of premature ASR-related deterioration of concrete including the use of Type II, Low Alkali cement in conjunction with fly ash having an SiO2 content greater than or equal to 40% and an SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 content greater than or equal to 66%. A maximum equivalent alkali content of 0.45% was recommended for cements used with sands containing extremely reactive volcanic minerals, also in conjunction with fly ash.
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