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Edition:Final Report September 2021 – December 2022
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Abstract:In addition to the expected environmental and energy security related benefits, however, high EV adoption raises concerns about the negative impact on revenue generation that has previously come from the gasoline tax. The Highway Trust Fund (HTF) has been challenged repeatedly for future sustenance, including declining gas tax revenue as consumers choose plug-in EVs (PEVs). Similar to other states, road maintenance and improvements in Kansas are dependent upon the availability and distribution of state highway funds. Therefore, the identification of alternative revenue sources, such as wireless charging pavements, is vital to maintain a sustainable flow of highway funds as EV usage increases in Kansas. Wireless charging pavements, which leverage induction charging via primary and secondary coils in concrete pavements, allow an EV to charge either while stationary or traveling as fast as 62 miles per hour (mph) (e.g., the Qualcomm developed testbed). Wireless charging pavements can help reduce the “range anxiety” of EV owners and eventually increase the EV market share in the geographic region where wireless charging pavements are used. A properly designed network of wireless charging pavements that utilizes induction charging coils only on selected road segments would allow the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) and/or the Kansas Turnpike Authority (KTA) to charge EV owners fees for wireless charging, thereby generating sustainable revenue. Before investing in this potential revenue-generating technology, however, financial and economic feasibility must be assessed, the EV market in Kansas must be better understood, and the response to the introduction of wireless charging pavements must be estimated. Therefore, this study utilized five main tasks to accomplish the research objectives. Task 1 synthesized current wireless charging technologies, while Task 2 estimated existing and projected EV ownership and usage trends for Kansas. Task 3 developed the EV market share model, and Task 4 investigated the correlation between charging station availability and PEV adoption, including assessment of the effects of charging station availability, gasoline prices, and home charging installation costs on PEV market adoption. Task 5 explored and summarized pricing/business/cost-benefit models for EV charging from pavements.
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