United States Department of Transportation
i
Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) Downwash and Outwash Surveys
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2024-12-01
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[PDF-3.53 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:As part of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) effort to establish vertiport design guidance for facilities intended to accept powered lift and special class rotorcraft, it is of growing importance to determine the risk factors related to vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) operations and how to mitigate them. The airflow generated from the aircraft’s rotors/propellers during takeoff and landing, known as downwash and outwash (DWOW), can pose significant risks to people and property in the vicinity of aircraft operations. Downwash is the vertical, downward flow of air produced by rotors/propellers while outwash is the lateral, radial, outward airflow that occurs as the downwash contacts the landing surface. The negative impacts of DWOW may be exacerbated at vertiport locations in urban areas where high-volume, high-tempo operations are proposed because of the dense populations and higher throughput in those areas. However, current research on the effects and mitigation of DWOW is limited. This report describes the collection and analysis of VTOL DWOW data and the need to mitigate associated risks.
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