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Exploratory Testing of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Stainless Steels at Low Temperature
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2024-09-01
[PDF-3.78 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:The use of stainless steel as concrete reinforcement has continued to gain momentum in highway construction. The main reason behind stainless steel’s popularity is its inherent corrosion resistance. However, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), normally associated with austenitic stainless steel at a high temperature (>100 ℃ (212 ℉)), can occur at a rather low temperature in the presence of concentrated chlorides in commonly used austenitic stainless steels. When stainless steel is used in reinforced concrete, knowledge of the long-term structural integrity of such structures in a corrosive environment is important. The researchers carried out a series of exploratory tests to evaluate the possibility of SCC in various grades of stainless steels at close-to-ambient temperatures. The researchers made U-bend specimens from austenitic stainless steels (grades 304L, 316LN, and XM-28) and austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steels (grades 2304 and 2205).(1) The specimens were exposed to high-pH salt solutions of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium chloride in an evaporative condition. The temperature was elevated to 50 ℃ (122 ℉), simulating the temperature inside a concrete bridge deck in summer. The relative humidity and temperature were close to the deliquescence point of the respective salt. SCC developed in austenitic stainless steels 304L and 316LN, while pitting corrosion perforated XM-28. Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steels 2304 and 2205 were resistant to SCC in the studied environment.
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