United States Department of Transportation
i
Chemical Analysis of Bleed Air Samples from Simulated Contamination Events: Ground-Based Aircraft Test
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2024-05-28
[PDF-8.70 MB]
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Abstract:This report presents the chemical analysis results on bleed air samples collected during ground-based aircraft tests led by the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (FAA/CAMI) as part of a congressionally mandated air quality study. The tests were carried out on a Boeing 747 aircraft at the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center to simulate fluid leaks on an airplane's Environmental Control System (ECS) using either a propulsion engine or an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) supported these efforts by providing analytical chemistry expertise. During the tests, NAWCAD collected and analyzed 52 air samples to identify Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from these contamination events. The chemical analysis demonstrated that VOCs were released into the bleed air when fluids entered the aircraft's ECS, regardless of whether the fluid leak occurred in the propulsion engine or the APU. It was also found that the VOC emission profile varied depending on the fluid category involved in the contamination event. Carboxylic acid emissions increased during the engine oil events, while organophosphate and alkene emissions increased during the hydraulic fluid event. The study findings provide insights into the chemical emissions in the bleed air during some in-flight failure events to improve bleed air contamination detection and aircraft safety.
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